Question 1

What percent of maximum can the respiratory system reach during extreme exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)   90%
B)   75%
C)   65%
D)   50% C

Question 2

During heavy exercise, what change in cardiac output may occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   It may increase 2-fold
B)   It may increase 4-fold
C)   It may increase 8-fold
D)   It may increase 25-fold C

Question 3

When, in the first stage of moderate exercise, is there an increase in alveolar ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)   one minute after onset of exercise
B)   30 seconds after onset of exercise
C)   15 seconds after onset of exercise
D)   within seconds after onset of exercise D

Question 4

What effect does maximum exercise have on oxygen diffusion capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can decrease by 33%
B)   It can increase up to 10 fold
C)   It can increase up to 3-fold
D)   It can decrease by 10%

Question 5

How does the Frank-Starling curve affect stroke volume during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)   The increased sympathetic stimulation causes the heart to be faster with smaller stroke volumes
B)   The Frank-Starling curve is only activated when the heart rate reaches 90% of the maximum targeted rate
C)   The increased venous return causes cardiac chambers to increase in size and thus contract with more force
D)   The Frank-Starling law only affects heart rate, not stroke volume

Question 6

What primary factor is responsible for the normal change in oxygen diffusion capacity during maximum exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hyperventilation results in increased PaO2s
B)   The increased cardiac output results in increased ventilation/perfusion mismatch
C)   Hyperventilation results in lowered H+ levels which shifts the oxygen dissociation curve
D)   The increased cardiac output results in recruitment of pulmonary capillaries

Question 7

At rest, what portion of the muscle capillaries are dilated?

Accepted Answer

A)   2-5%
B)   20-25%
C)   5-10%
D)   30-35%

Question 8

Which of the following can produce vasodilation of working muscles? Adenosine triphosphate
Aldosterone
Acetylcholine
Lactic acid

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   IV only
C)   I, II, III, and IV
D)   I, II, and III only

Question 9

Which of the following circulatory changes are expected during exercise? Rate and strength of cardiac contractions increase
Blood vessels in working muscles constrict
Blood vessels of peripheral vascular system dilate
Blood vessel of heart and brain constrict

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   I, II, III and IV
C)   II only
D)   I, II, and III only

Question 10

What changes in ventilatory pattern would be expected during the third stage of moderate exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)   alveolar ventilation increases rapidly
B)   alveolar ventilation returns to pre-exercise level
C)   alveolar ventilation gradually increases until maximum ventilation is reached
D)   alveolar ventilation stabilizes

Question 11

Which of the following are benefits of moderate exercise? Reduced stress, anxiety and depression
Reduced weight
Decreased bone density
Improved sleep quality

Accepted Answer

A)   I and IV only
B)   III and IV only
C)   I, III, and IV only
D)   I, II, III, and IV

Question 12

What changes would be expected in blood vessels in the following areas during exercise? Capillaries of working muscles would fully dilate
Visceral blood vessels would dilate
Blood vessels of non-working muscles would constrict

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, and III
B)   II and III only
C)   I and III only
D)   I only

Question 13

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of heat stroke? 
I. Absence of sweating
II. Muscle cramping
III. Circulatory collapse
IV. Confusion

Accepted Answer

A)   I and Ii only
B)   I, II and IV only
C)   II, III, and IV only
D)   I, II, III, and IV

Question 14

In healthy adults at rest on FIO2 0.21, what does the mean alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference equal?

Accepted Answer

A)   30 mm Hg
B)   40 mm Hg
C)   10 mm Hg
D)   20 mm Hg

Question 15

Which exhibits the highest percent of change in a marathon runner? Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Heart rate

Accepted Answer

A)   I and II increase by the same amount
B)   II only
C)   III only
D)   I only

Question 16

Why would stroke volume increase during exercise? 
I. Parasympathetic discharge increases cardiac contractility
II. Vasodilation of working muscles increases venous return to the heart
III. Vasoconstriction of peripheral venous blood reservoirs increases venous return

Accepted Answer

A)   I and III only
B)   I only
C)   II and III only
D)   I , II, and III

Question 17

Which of the following are benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD? 
I. Increased exercise capacity
I. Reduction in anxiety and depression
III. Increased hospital length of stay
IV. Improved upper arm strength and endurance

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, III, and IV
B)   I , II, and IV only
C)   I and II only
D)   I and IV only

Question 18

During exercise, how much variation would be expected to occur in the systolic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Systolic pressure would remain unchanged with exercise
B)   increase by 40-100 mm Hg
C)   increase less than 10 mm Hg
D)   increase by 20-80 mm Hg

Question 19

What is the maximum cardiac output expected to be in marathon runners?

Accepted Answer

A)   up to 30 L/min
B)   up to 20 L/min
C)   up to 10 L/min
D)   up to 40 L/min

Question 20

What changes would be expected in the oxygen consumption and cardiac output when muscle work decreases?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oxygen consumption would remain unchanged but CO would decrease
B)   Both would remain unchanged
C)   Both would increase
D)   Both would decrease

Exam 18: Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

What percent of maximum can the respiratory system reach during extreme exercise?

During heavy exercise, what change in cardiac output may occur?

When, in the first stage of moderate exercise, is there an increase in alveolar ventilation?

What effect does maximum exercise have on oxygen diffusion capacity?

How does the Frank-Starling curve affect stroke volume during exercise?

What primary factor is responsible for the normal change in oxygen diffusion capacity during maximum exercise?

At rest, what portion of the muscle capillaries are dilated?

Which of the following can produce vasodilation of working muscles? Adenosine triphosphate Aldosterone Acetylcholine Lactic acid

Which of the following circulatory changes are expected during exercise? Rate and strength of cardiac contractions increase Blood vessels in working muscles constrict Blood vessels of peripheral vascular system dilate Blood vessel of heart and brain constrict

What changes in ventilatory pattern would be expected during the third stage of moderate exercise?

Which of the following are benefits of moderate exercise? Reduced stress, anxiety and depression Reduced weight Decreased bone density Improved sleep quality

What changes would be expected in blood vessels in the following areas during exercise? Capillaries of working muscles would fully dilate Visceral blood vessels would dilate Blood vessels of non-working muscles would constrict

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of heat stroke? I. Absence of sweating II. Muscle cramping III. Circulatory collapse IV. Confusion

In healthy adults at rest on F_IO₂ 0.21, what does the mean alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference equal?

Which exhibits the highest percent of change in a marathon runner? Cardiac output Stroke volume Heart rate

Why would stroke volume increase during exercise? I. Parasympathetic discharge increases cardiac contractility II. Vasodilation of working muscles increases venous return to the heart III. Vasoconstriction of peripheral venous blood reservoirs increases venous return

Which of the following are benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD? I. Increased exercise capacity I. Reduction in anxiety and depression III. Increased hospital length of stay IV. Improved upper arm strength and endurance

During exercise, how much variation would be expected to occur in the systolic blood pressure?

What is the maximum cardiac output expected to be in marathon runners?

What changes would be expected in the oxygen consumption and cardiac output when muscle work decreases?