Question 1

People forming opinions about crime and punishments based on media coverage of a sensational case is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  carpe notorious. 
B)  a Trojan Horse event. 
C)  an associative impression. 
D)  an availability heuristic.

Question 2

In Canada, life prisoners can apply for parole after serving _____ of their sentence in custody.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-quarter 
B)  one-third 
C)  one -half 
D)  two-thirds

Question 3

The sentencing outcome where there is a finding of guilt but no conviction and the offender has no terms or conditions to complete is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  suspended sentence. 
B)  unconditional disposition. 
C)  absolute discharge. 
D)  set-aside.

Question 4

When first-time nonviolent offenders are released back into the community after serving only one-sixth of their sentences, it is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  statutory release. 
B)  accelerated parole. 
C)  commutation. 
D)  conditional work-release.

Question 5

When someone is granted a parole after serving a majority of their life sentence, it is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  commutation. 
B)  accelerated release. 
C)  statutory release. 
D)  conditional discharge.

Question 6

Discuss the various sentencing options available in the justice system and which you think might be most effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the various sentencing options available in...

Question 7

When a judge considers an offender's youthfulness when it comes to sentencing, that is considered a(n) _____factor

Accepted Answer

A)  substantiating 
B)  mitigating 
C)  aggravating 
D)  accelerating

Question 8

According to the text, which is NOT one of the reasons a person may be excluded from participation in a sentencing circle for Aboriginal offenders?

Accepted Answer

A)  The offender's community is not prepared to participate. 
B)  The applicant is an older first-time offender. 
C)  The prison sentence would have been greater than two years. 
D)  The offender's attitude is not conducive to effective engagement.

Question 9

The _____ in 1938 recommended revisions of penitentiary regulations to address overcrowding and to emphasize rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Canadian Sentencing Commission 
B)  Gladue Report 
C)  Fauteux Report 
D)  Archambault Inquiry

Question 10

Based on information in the text, which statement about gangs and drugs in prison is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research seems to indicate that about half of all prison violence is gang related. 
B)  Over the last five years there has been a decline in gang membership in federal prisons. 
C)  Estimates are that about 80 percent of all federal prisoners have a substance abuse problem. 
D)  Attempts to measure drug abuse inside prisons have had positive test rates of about 10 to 12 percent.

Question 11

In Canada, imprisonment can be be ordered to be served in a number of ways. When the person serves time at various intervals such as on weekends, it is called a(n) _____ term.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermittent 
B)  indeterminate 
C)  interrupted 
D)  conditional

Question 12

The reason that the judge in the original trial of Jamie Gladue did not apply section 718.2 of the Criminal Code, which calls for alternative considerations for Aboriginal offenders, was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the charge of manslaughter was too serious to be considered for community sanctions. 
B)  at the time of this case, Aboriginal offenders were no longer overrepresented in the penal system. 
C)  Jamie did not live in a First Nations reserve community, she lived in the city. 
D)  The issue of Aboriginal status was not brought to light until the appeal was filed.

Question 13

Which is NOT one of the findings from polling research on public attitudes about sentencing in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most people underestimate the percent of robbery convictions that result in incarceration. 
B)  The public is poorly informed about judicial sentencing options. 
C)  There is a negative relationship between people's fear of crime and perceptions of judicial leniency. 
D)  Roberts et al.'s data show that since the 1970s, a majority of citizens polled think sentences are too lenient.

Question 14

Which is NOT one of the research findings covered in the text that addresses the question, "Does prison work?"

Accepted Answer

A)  Gendreau et al. determined that intermediate sanctions with treatment reduced recidivism by almost 10 percent. 
B)  Bonta et al. indicated recidivism rates for federal releases of 40-44 percent within the first two years. 
C)  Gendreau et al. found longer or more severe punishment was either related to slight increases in recidivism or no effect. 
D)  Smith et al.'s meta-analysis found significant reductions in recidivism with shorter prison terms with treatment.

Question 15

Which fact about prisoners in Canada is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women represent about 6 percent of all provincial and territorial offenders in custody. 
B)  As of 2012, there were about 40,500 prisoners in a custodial institution. 
C)  Canada's incarceration rate is mid-range among countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 
D)  The average prisoner is a married, young male.

Question 16

Discuss the factors that contribute to the harshness of prison life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the factors that contribute to the...

Question 17

In 1956, in response to overcrowding and riots, the _____recommended the creation of a parole system to enhance re-entry success.

Accepted Answer

A)  Canadian Sentencing Commission 
B)  Fauteux Report 
C)  Archambault Inquiry 
D)  Gladue Report

Question 18

What are some of the problems facing women in prison and what can be done to improve conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the problems facing...

Question 19

Which is NOT one of the trends in community supervision noted in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three-quarters of Canadian offenders are serving a sentence in the community. 
B)  The number of adult offenders on probation has increased steadily over the last decade. 
C)  One in ten adults under community supervision is serving a conditional sentence. 
D)  Data on conditional sentences in Canada indicate mixed results in terms of success.

Question 20

According to the authors, which statement about overrepresentation of Aboriginal offenders in the prison system is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research on whether Aboriginal offenders receive more or longer custodial sentences is unclear. 
B)  Research appears to indicate that judges do not follow directives to consider the Aboriginal status of offenders. 
C)  High rates of social and mental health problems in Aboriginal populations are tied to the intergenerational effects of colonialism. 
D)  Aboriginal incarceration rates are three times higher than the proportion of Aboriginal adults in Canada.

Exam 11: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives