Question 1

A young gay patient being treated for his third sexually transmitted disease does not see why he should use condoms,because "they don't work." Which is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Condoms may not provide 100% protection,but when used correctly and consistently with every act of sexual intercourse they reduce your risk of getting infected with HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases." 
B)  "You are correct.Condoms don't always work,so your best protection is to limit your number of partners." 
C)  "Condoms do not provide 100% protection,so you should always discuss with your sexual partners their HIV status or ask if they have any STD." 
D)  "Condoms do not provide 100% protection,but when used with a spermicide you can be assured of complete protection against HIV and other STDs."

Question 2

When assigned to a newly admitted patient with AIDS,the nurse says,"I'm pregnant.It is not safe for me or my baby if I am assigned to his case." Which is the most appropriate response by the charge nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  "This patient would not be a risk for your baby if you use standard precautions and avoid direct contact with blood or body fluids." 
B)  "You should ask for a transfer to another unit because contact with this patient would put you and your baby at risk for AIDS." 
C)  "Wear a mask,gown,and gloves every time you go into his room and use disposable trays,plates,and utensils to serve his meals." 
D)  "We should recommend that this patient be transferred to an isolation unit."

Question 3

The HIV patient asks the nurse about what to expect in terms of disease progression.The nurse tells this patient that although the disease can vary greatly among individuals,the usual pattern of progression includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  viremia,clinical latency,opportunistic diseases,and death. 
B)  asymptomatic phase,clinical latency,ARC,and AIDS. 
C)  acute retroviral syndrome,early infection,early symptomatic disease,and AIDS. 
D)  transitional viral syndrome,inactive disease,early symptomatic infection,and opportunistic diseases.

Question 4

The nurse should instruct the patient who is diagnosed with AIDS to report signs of Kaposi's sarcoma,which include:

Accepted Answer

A)  reddish-purple skin lesions. 
B)  open,bleeding skin lesions. 
C)  blood-tinged sputum. 
D)  watery diarrhea.

Question 5

A male patient is concerned about telling others he has HIV infection.What should the nurse stress when discussing his concerns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Care providers and sexual partners should be told about his diagnosis. 
B)  There is no reason to hide his disease. 
C)  Secrecy is a poor idea because it will lower his self-esteem. 
D)  His diagnosis will be obvious to most people with whom he will come into contact.

Question 6

The HIV-infected patient who has just seroconverted says he just cannot take all those confusing,expensive antiretroviral (ART)medications.He says he still feels fine,anyway.What should the nurse keep in mind when counseling this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Resumption of the ART later in the disease is just as effective. 
B)  Adherence to the ART protocol is essential to the success of the treatment. 
C)  Cessation of the ART may prevent the emergence of a resistant strain of HIV. 
D)  Once ART is initiated,it cannot be restarted in the same patient.

Question 7

How does the HIV-2 virus compare to the HIV-1 virus? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

A)  It has lower mortality risks in the older adult. 
B)  It is less virulent. 
C)  It results in the HIV-infected person to suffer from immunodeficiency issues more slowly. 
D)  It predisposes the HIV-infected person to be a long-term nonprogressor. 
E)  It develops high viral loads.

Question 8

What should the nurse look for when reviewing a patient's chart to determine whether she has progressed from HIV disease to AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4+ count below 500,chronic fatigue,night sweats 
B)  HIV-positive test result,CD4+ count below 200,history of opportunistic disease 
C)  Weight loss,persistent generalized lymphadenopathy,chronic diarrhea 
D)  Fever,chills,CD4+ count below 200

Question 9

Which of the following are methods in which children with AIDS could have contracted their disease? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

A)  During intrauterine life with an HIV-positive mother 
B)  During the birth process of an HIV-positive mother 
C)  From other children who are HIV-positive 
D)  From receiving a transfusion contaminated with the HIV 
E)  From breast-feeding by an HIV-positive mother

Question 10

A 21-year-old male who has been an IV heroin user has been experiencing fever,weight loss,and diarrhea and has been diagnosed as having AIDS.Currently,he has a low-grade fever,severe diarrhea,and a productive cough.He is admitted with Pneumocystis jiroveci.What should the nurse do when caring for the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use a gown,mask,and gloves when assisting the patient with his bath. 
B)  Wear a gown when assisting the patient to use the bedpan. 
C)  Use a gown,mask,and gloves to administer oral medications. 
D)  Use a mask when taking the patient's temperature.

Question 11

Why should interventions such as promotion of nutrition,exercise,and stress reduction be undertaken by the nurse for patients who have HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will promote a feeling of well-being in the patient. 
B)  They will improve immune function. 
C)  They will prevent transmission of the virus to others. 
D)  They will increase the patient's strength and ability to care for himself or herself.

Question 12

A male patient is advised to receive HIV antibody testing because of his multiple sexual partners and injectable drug use.What should the nurse inform the patient to ensure understanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The blood is tested with the highly sensitive test called the Western blot. 
B)  The blood is tested with an ELISA;if positive,it is tested again with an ELISA,followed by a Western blot if the second ELISA is positive. 
C)  A series of HIV tests is performed to confirm if the patient has AIDS. 
D)  If the HIV tests are seronegative,the patient can be assured that he is not infected.

Question 13

While teaching community groups about AIDS,what should the nurse indicate as the most common method of transmission of the HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner 
B)  Perinatal transmission 
C)  Exposure to contaminated blood 
D)  Nonsexual exposure to saliva and tears

Exam 56: Care of the Patient With Hivaids