Question 1

When we compare reports by adults of their own childhood experiences with those of parents reporting on their own behavior with their children,

Accepted Answer

A)  current parents report greater use of physical violence.
B)  adults reporting their childhood experiences report seven times more physical abuse than current parents.
C)  researchers document a trend toward more frequent use of minor violence.
D)  researchers document a trend towards more severe violence. B

Question 2

_______ leave their parents' home earlier than ______ and are _______ likely to return.

Accepted Answer

A)  Men ...women ...less
B)  Men ...women ...more
C)  Women ...men ...less
D)  Women ...men ...more C

Question 3

Freud argued that females are in a subordinate position in our society because of

Accepted Answer

A)  private property.
B)  genital structures.
C)  social institutions.
D)  genetic programming. B

Question 4

When interviewed on the positive aspects of having children,parents identified all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Having children allowed them to be more childlike and engage in fun activities.
B)  Having children required commitment and decision making that made them feel good about themselves.
C)  Having children made them happier and more satisfied with their marriage.
D)  Having children heightened emotional responses to their surroundings.

Question 5

Individualized pedophobia is demonstrated when

Accepted Answer

A)  parents physically and sexually abuse their children.
B)  parents are overprotective because they have unrealistic fears for their children's safety.
C)  parents are overprotective because they have realistic fears for their children's safety.
D)  public policies keep large numbers of children in poverty.

Question 6

Research on TV images indicates that female characters are _______ than male characters.

Accepted Answer

A)  less diverse in appearance
B)  more authoritative
C)  more mature
D)  less intelligent

Question 7

Bem's recommendations for counteracting the dominant gender ideology of our society include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents should emphasize the biological distinctions between mails and females.
B)  Parents should create new materials such as stories,games and toys that do not teach gender stereotypes.
C)  Parents should show children how to actively resist gender socialization and gender inequality.
D)  Parents should use reward and punishment to teach the gender roles they want their children to develop.

Question 8

Institutionalized pedophobia is demonstrated when

Accepted Answer

A)  parents physically abuse children.
B)  adults sexually abuse children.
C)  public policy keeps children impoverished,malnourished or unhealthy.
D)  parents are overprotective because of realistic or unrealistic fears for their children's safety.

Question 9

Over three million cases of child abuse and neglect are investigated in the United States annually.The United States Department of Health and Human Services asserts that

Accepted Answer

A)  these numbers are most probably an accurate reflection of actual number of incidents (within 5 percentage points) .
B)  these numbers are overestimates of real cases because so many people report abuse when parents are acting within legal levels of discipline such as spanking.
C)  these numbers are serious underestimates with the actual numbers perhaps triple the number of reports.
D)  we really have no idea because legal definitions vary so much from state to state.

Question 10

Freudian psychoanalytic theory argues that children learn to be gendered individuals

Accepted Answer

A)  by interacting with their mothers.
B)  by interacting with the same-sex parents.
C)  through genetic programming.
D)  through media socialization.

Question 11

Research has indicated which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Satisfaction with marriage decreases with the birth of the first child and does not return to prechildren levels until all the children have left home.
B)  Satisfaction with marriage increases with the birth of the first child,stays stable throughout childrearing and drops when the children have left home.
C)  Satisfaction with marriage decreases with the birth of the first child and never returns to prechildren levels.
D)  Satisfaction with marriage decreases with the birth of the first child,but regains prechildren levels once all of the children are in school.

Question 12

Some African American parents use an initiation rite called The Passage to socialize boys into the black community.It includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  providing service to the community.
B)  adopting a senior citizen.
C)  presenting a speech at the Passage Celebration.
D)  earning money to contribute to a charity or church.

Question 13

Four theories dominate the social-psychological view of gender socialization.These theories include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic theory.
B)  social learning theory.
C)  structure functional theory.
D)  gender schema theory.

Question 14

Social science research has documented that

Accepted Answer

A)  spanking is more effective than noncorporal punishment.
B)  long-term side effects of spanking include increased risk of delinquency and criminal behavior.
C)  all Western countries allow spanking.
D)  fewer than 10% of parents continue hitting children after the age of 12.

Question 15

Over three million cases of child abuse and neglect are investigated in the United States annually.The majority of reports are for

Accepted Answer

A)  neglect.
B)  physical abuse.
C)  sexual abuse.
D)  medical neglect.

Question 16

Incest occurs most frequently in families characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  the mother's frequent or entire absence.
B)  poverty and unusually low levels of education.
C)  extremely dominant fathers or stepfathers.
D)  mental illness or chemical dependency.

Question 17

How does the United States compare to the other 17 industrialized countries discussed in Aulette in terms of the percentage of children who are poor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The U.S.has the second smallest percentage of children in poverty.
B)  The U.S.has the second largest percentage of children in poverty.
C)  The U.S.has the largest percentage of children in poverty.
D)  The U.S.has the smallest percentage of children in poverty.

Question 18

Holmes (cited by Aulette)interviewed kindergartners.She concluded that 5 year olds

Accepted Answer

A)  have clear,definitive ideas about race and may be racist.
B)  have unclear ideas about race and racism.
C)  do not like people who are different from them in any of a variety of ways including race,religion,gender,size,etc.
D)  prefer people who are different from them because they enjoy diversity.

Question 19

Research cited in Aulette indicates that the majority of television advertisements for toys for girls focus on

Accepted Answer

A)  mental activity or intelligence.
B)  physical attractiveness.
C)  having a sense of humor.
D)  physical activity.

Question 20

Cognitive-developmental theorists argue that children learn gender

Accepted Answer

A)  by interacting with their mothers.
B)  through media socialization.
C)  through stages of psychological maturity.
D)  as passive recipients of cultural norms.

Exam 13: Children