Question 1

Judy gives a monkey a choice between a sphere and various other three-dimensional shapes. Each time the animal selects the sphere, it receives a grape; if it selects the other object, it receives nothing. Judy is engaged in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   transposition training
B)   a peak shift experiment
C)   concept training
D)   generalization training C

Question 2

Honig and Slivka trained pigeons to peck discs of various colors. After this they began shocking the birds when they pecked a disc of a particular color. This __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   reduced pecking on that disc, but not discs of other colors
B)   reduced pecking discs of all colors, but especially those that resembled the punished color
C)   had no effect on the rate of pecking
D)   reduced pecking on discs of the punished color, but increased pecking on other discs B

Question 3

Discuss whether stimulus control is a good thing. (328)
Answers should note that stimulus control is good or bad to the extent that the behavior involved is appropriate to the situation.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus control can be both a good and a bad thing, depending on the behavior involved and the situation. Stimulus control refers to the influence that environmental factors have on our behavior. In some cases, having strong stimulus control can be beneficial. For example, when a person is able to focus and concentrate on a task in a noisy environment, this is a positive example of stimulus control. On the other hand, if a person is easily distracted by their environment and has trouble staying on task, this would be a negative example of stimulus control.

In general, stimulus control is a good thing when it leads to appropriate behavior in a given situation. For instance, if a person is able to control their impulses and avoid engaging in risky behavior when they are in a high-stress situation, this is a positive example of stimulus control. However, if a person's behavior is not appropriate for the situation, then stimulus control would be considered a negative influence.

Ultimately, the impact of stimulus control depends on the specific behavior and the context in which it occurs. It is important to recognize that stimulus control can be a powerful force in shaping behavior, and to strive for a balanced and adaptive response to environmental influences.

Question 4

Pigeons that have learned to peck a disc when two lights of the same color come on, and not when the lights differ, can be said to have learned a concept.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In ________discrimination training an S^Δ is introduced in a form so weak that the organism does not respond to it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ________discrimination training an S^Δ is introduced...

Question 6

The figures below illustrate various generalization gradients. The greatest degree of generalization is depicted by Figure _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   4

Question 7

Steven, a drug abuser, is released from a clinic. He is free of drugs, and has sworn never to take drugs again. He returns to his old neighborhood. You predict that within six months, Steven will ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   have moved to a new neighborhood
B)   have new friends and be free of drugs
C)   be abusing drugs again
D)   have committed suicide

Question 8

Bill conducts an experiment in which he pairs the word psychologist with words such as nasty, evil, and corrupt. Later Bill asks his subjects to give their opinion of various professions by rating them on
A scale from very positive to very negative. Of the following professions, _______ will probably
Receive the lowest rating.

Accepted Answer

A)   mathematician
B)   accountant
C)   biologist
D)   social worker

Question 9

Providing different consequences for different responses can enhance discrimination training. This finding is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   differential outcomes effect
B)   differential reinforcement effect
C)   discriminated avoidance effect
D)   stimulus control effect

Question 10

In the Dweck and Repucci study, teachers asked students to work on unsolvable problems, and then on problems that could be solved. They failed to solve the second set of problems, but were able to solve similar problems when the problems were presented _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   orally
B)   by a different teacher
C)   the next day
D)   in a different room

Question 11

An SD is analogous to a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   SΔ
B)   CS+
C)   SP
D)   Sp

Question 12

The tendency of changes in one behavior to spread to other behaviors is called __________ generalization.

Accepted Answer

A)   incipient
B)   response
C)   transitional
D)   active

Question 13

Dweck and Repucci had teachers give students unsolvable problems, and then problems that could be solved. The result was that the students __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   solved the second set of problems more easily than expected
B)   solved the second set of problems, but more slowly than expected
C)   failed to solve the problems in the second set
D)   decided to unionize

Question 14

Robert Eisenberger found that rewarding a high level of effort on one task increases the level of effort on other tasks. This illustrates _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   discrimination
B)   generalization
C)   motivational transfer
D)   a motivational paradox

Question 15

You test Mary's drawing ability by having her draw fruit, animals, landscapes, and houses. Mary then takes a drawing class in which she learns to draw human figures. You decide to test Mary again to see if her drawing ability has improved. You predict that if she shows any improvement at all it will be at drawing _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   fruit
B)   animals
C)   landscapes
D)   houses

Question 16

Spence's theory anticipated the discovery of the peak shift phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Howard studied hard for his math test and found that what he learned helped him on his physics test. Howard benefited from _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   discrimination
C)   transposition
D)   stimulus control

Question 18

When a behavior reliably occurs in the presence of an SD, but not in the presence of an S-, we can say the behavior is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   under stimulus control
B)   fully discriminated
C)   respondent
D)   fully operant

Question 19

The findings of Eisenberger and others concerning increasing effort is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   learned helplessness
B)   motivational transfer
C)   learned industriousness
D)   increased potentiation

Question 20

The person whose name is most associated with errorless discrimination training is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Carl Rogers
B)   Susan Terrance
C)   Herbert Terrace
D)   Robert Eisenberger

Exam 11: Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control

Judy gives a monkey a choice between a sphere and various other three-dimensional shapes. Each time the animal selects the sphere, it receives a grape; if it selects the other object, it receives nothing. Judy is engaged in _______.

Honig and Slivka trained pigeons to peck discs of various colors. After this they began shocking the birds when they pecked a disc of a particular color. This __________.

Discuss whether stimulus control is a good thing. (328) Answers should note that stimulus control is good or bad to the extent that the behavior involved is appropriate to the situation.

Pigeons that have learned to peck a disc when two lights of the same color come on, and not when the lights differ, can be said to have learned a concept.

In ________discrimination training an S^Δ is introduced in a form so weak that the organism does not respond to it.

The figures below illustrate various generalization gradients. The greatest degree of generalization is depicted by Figure _______.

Steven, a drug abuser, is released from a clinic. He is free of drugs, and has sworn never to take drugs again. He returns to his old neighborhood. You predict that within six months, Steven will ______.

Providing different consequences for different responses can enhance discrimination training. This finding is called the _______.

In the Dweck and Repucci study, teachers asked students to work on unsolvable problems, and then on problems that could be solved. They failed to solve the second set of problems, but were able to solve similar problems when the problems were presented _______.

An S^D is analogous to a ______.

The tendency of changes in one behavior to spread to other behaviors is called __________ generalization.

Dweck and Repucci had teachers give students unsolvable problems, and then problems that could be solved. The result was that the students __________.

Robert Eisenberger found that rewarding a high level of effort on one task increases the level of effort on other tasks. This illustrates _______.

Spence's theory anticipated the discovery of the peak shift phenomenon.

Howard studied hard for his math test and found that what he learned helped him on his physics test. Howard benefited from _______.

When a behavior reliably occurs in the presence of an SD, but not in the presence of an S-, we can say the behavior is _______.

The findings of Eisenberger and others concerning increasing effort is called _______.

The person whose name is most associated with errorless discrimination training is _______.

Exam 11: Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control

Judy gives a monkey a choice between a sphere and various other three-dimensional shapes. Each time the animal selects the sphere, it receives a grape; if it selects the other object, it receives nothing. Judy is engaged in _______.

Honig and Slivka trained pigeons to peck discs of various colors. After this they began shocking the birds when they pecked a disc of a particular color. This __________.

Discuss whether stimulus control is a good thing. (328) Answers should note that stimulus control is good or bad to the extent that the behavior involved is appropriate to the situation.

Pigeons that have learned to peck a disc when two lights of the same color come on, and not when the lights differ, can be said to have learned a concept.

In ________discrimination training an SΔ is introduced in a form so weak that the organism does not respond to it.

The figures below illustrate various generalization gradients. The greatest degree of generalization is depicted by Figure _______.

Steven, a drug abuser, is released from a clinic. He is free of drugs, and has sworn never to take drugs again. He returns to his old neighborhood. You predict that within six months, Steven will ______.

Providing different consequences for different responses can enhance discrimination training. This finding is called the _______.

In the Dweck and Repucci study, teachers asked students to work on unsolvable problems, and then on problems that could be solved. They failed to solve the second set of problems, but were able to solve similar problems when the problems were presented _______.

An SD is analogous to a ______.

The tendency of changes in one behavior to spread to other behaviors is called __________ generalization.

Dweck and Repucci had teachers give students unsolvable problems, and then problems that could be solved. The result was that the students __________.

Robert Eisenberger found that rewarding a high level of effort on one task increases the level of effort on other tasks. This illustrates _______.

Spence's theory anticipated the discovery of the peak shift phenomenon.

Howard studied hard for his math test and found that what he learned helped him on his physics test. Howard benefited from _______.

When a behavior reliably occurs in the presence of an SD, but not in the presence of an S-, we can say the behavior is _______.

The findings of Eisenberger and others concerning increasing effort is called _______.

The person whose name is most associated with errorless discrimination training is _______.

In ________discrimination training an S^Δ is introduced in a form so weak that the organism does not respond to it.

An S^D is analogous to a ______.