Question 1

When making an attribution, Pete considers how his brother's behavior is similar to that of other teens in similar situations. Pete is using __________ information.

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled 
B)  consistency 
C)  distinctiveness 
D)  consensus

Question 2

On a visit to Australia, then president George H. W. Bush offended the Australians when he flashed the two-fingered "V for victory" sign to a crowd. Unfortunately, he flashed the sign with his palm facing himself and not the crowd. This is an example of how the use of __________, which vary from culture to culture, may lead to confusion or conflict if used outside of the user's culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  emblems 
B)  display rules 
C)  political gaffes 
D)  paralanguages

Question 3

The fundamental attribution error is also known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  partner difference 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  correspondence bias 
D)  matching bias

Question 4

Jordanka has big eyes, a small chin and nose, and a high forehead. Her new employer is most likely to believe she is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extraverted and outgoing 
B)  confident bordering on rude 
C)  calculating and scheming 
D)  naïve and submissive

Question 5

Professor Dante is interested in how we show more leniency to attractive people who make bad decisions than unattractive people who make bad choices. Professor Dante is studying __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  false attribution theory 
B)  social cognition 
C)  social elevation 
D)  social perception

Question 6

When people do not have the information they need to make attributions, how does that impact Kelley's covariation model?

Accepted Answer

A)  People will not make attributions according to Kelley's covariation model. 
B)  People successfully fill in the holes of their knowledge and still follow Kelley's covariation model. 
C)  People will not make any attributions if they lack information. 
D)  People will use more contextual cues and still follow Kelley's covariation model.

Question 7

Explanations for our behavior that help us avoid feelings of vulnerability or mortality are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  belief justifications 
B)  just world hypotheses 
C)  defensive attributions 
D)  perceptual balances

Question 8

Anna usually doesn't like movies with violent scenes. Still, she saw Sin City-a violent movie-five times and loved it. Everyone else-including critics-really liked Sin City, too. In this example, distinctiveness is __________ and consensus is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; high 
B)  high; high 
C)  low; low 
D)  high; low

Question 9

Nora has been blind since birth and has never seen a smile, frown, or furrowed brow. At age three, how capable would she be of expressing emotions using the facial expressions of sighted people?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incapable of properly using facial expressions, she would require special training. 
B)  She would be capable of expressing only negative emotions such as anger or sadness. 
C)  She would be able to express all six basic emotions just as well as sighted people. 
D)  It depends on what culture she is being reared in.

Question 10

Galina is described to you as a "computer nerd." Based on this, you assume she is socially awkward, introverted, unpopular, and obsessed with anything related to technology. This information makes up your __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  personality 
B)  schema 
C)  thin-slice 
D)  display rule

Question 11

The attributional perspective that addresses behaviors that occur over time, place, and different actors and targets is the __________ model.

Accepted Answer

A)  correspondent inference 
B)  covariation 
C)  perceptual salience 
D)  fundamental attribution

Question 12

Zeinab won't make eye contact with you. In American culture, this lack of eye contact is interpreted as a sign of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  deception 
B)  unhappiness 
C)  sadness 
D)  happiness

Question 13

According to the text, we often fall prey to the fundamental attribution error because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the actor's situation is invisible to us, while the actor's behavior is obvious 
B)  although there are taxonomies of people, there are no taxonomies of situations 
C)  understanding current behavior is of no help in predicting future behavior 
D)  we seldom if ever have consensus information

Question 14

Perceptual salience in attributions refers to the idea that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  what we see is what we get 
B)  what we notice is presumed to be the cause of behavior 
C)  what we perceive is determined by our salient schemas 
D)  the attributions that we make determine what we attend to

Question 15

In a study by Lassiter and his colleagues (2007), they found that when judges and police officers viewed tapes of interrogations, they were more likely to find the confession of a suspect to be voluntary when the camera focused only on the suspect. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  They could read his expressions of guilt more clearly. 
B)  They could see how nervous the suspect was. 
C)  The perceptual salience of the suspect triggered the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  They failed to see how the suspect was persuaded.

Question 16

Complete the analogy about cultural differences: Western culture is to __________ as __________ is to social group.

Accepted Answer

A)  individualist; third-world culture 
B)  goal-oriented; Eastern culture 
C)  individualist; Eastern culture 
D)  goal-oriented; third-world culture

Question 17

Suppose a certain student, Nathan, falls asleep during every chemistry class. Suppose further that Nathan is the only one who falls asleep in this class, and that he falls asleep in all of his other classes. According to Kelley's covariation model of attribution, how will people explain Nathan's behavior (falling asleep)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is due to something unusual about Nathan, because his behavior is low in consensus, high in distinctiveness, and high in consistency. 
B)  Social psychology is a really boring class because Nathan's behavior is high in consensus, high in distinctiveness, and high in consistency. 
C)  It is due to something peculiar about the circumstances on one day, because consistency is low. 
D)  It is due to something unusual about Nathan, because his behavior is low in consensus, low in distinctiveness, and high in consistency.

Question 18

The authors of your text present a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008) that examined cultural differences in social perception. They compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or mismatched the central character's facial expression. When the central and peripheral characters' expressions did not match, Japanese participants were most likely to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  keep their judgments the same as they would be if the peripheral people's expressions matched 
B)  think that the central character felt the opposite of the peripheral characters 
C)  rate the central character more similarly to the peripheral characters 
D)  rate all characters as being less emotional

Question 19

In honor of Rosa Parks's contribution to the civil rights movement, the seat behind the driver on buses in major cities was reserved for one day, and people were asked not to sit there. Some people actually did sit in this seat. Making the assumption that these people were prejudiced or racist is an example of the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use of heuristics 
B)  accuracy of internal attributions 
C)  fundamental attribution error 
D)  covariation effect

Question 20

Chapter 1 of the textbook introduced the idea that people often behave and think in ways to protect their self-esteem. Which of the following will help do that?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-serving attributions 
B)  Representativeness heuristic 
C)  Covariation model 
D)  Implicit personality theory

Exam 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People