Question 1

Sexual scripts vary based on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  culture, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and geographic region 
B)  culture and sexual orientation, but not ethnicity or geographic region. 
C)  sexual orientation and ethnicity, but not geographic region or culture 
D)  ethnicity and culture, but not geographic region or sexual orientation

Question 2

Researchers (Ohbuchi, Ohno, & Mukai, 1993) found that participants were less likely to administer shocks to another person when that person had previously disclosed something personal about him- or herself. According to the authors of your textbook, why is that?

Accepted Answer

A)  Similarity leads to attraction, not aggression. 
B)  Personal information can make it easier to empathize with another. 
C)  When we are anonymous, we are more likely to aggress. 
D)  Self-disclosure serves as a way to model prosocial behavior.

Question 3

Explain the role of social conditions in changing the Iroquois tribe from peaceable people to fierce warriors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the role of social conditions in...

Question 4

Based on the research presented in the text, if a group of 4-year-old girls wanted the play purse that another girl was given, what are they most likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  push her and take it 
B)  cry until she gives it to them 
C)  not play with her until she gives it to them 
D)  wait patiently for their turn to play with it

Question 5

According to research presented in the chapter, what do exposure to media violence and guns have in common in terms of aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both prime aggressive tendencies. 
B)  Both media violence and guns are used by women more than men, leading to more aggression in women. 
C)  Both prime patience and calm, leading to less aggression. 
D)  Both represent ways to get resolve aggressive feelings.

Question 6

According to the authors of your text, which of the following is the LEAST plausible explanation for the Harris and Klebold massacre at Columbine High School?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were mentally ill. 
B)  They were teased mercilessly by the popular kids. 
C)  They were the victims of long-term bullying. 
D)  They sought to turn their shame into pride.

Question 7

The phenomenon of "road rage" has been given increasing attention by print and electronic media. Briefly, road rage involves retaliations against other drivers (e.g., shooting, running them off the road) that far exceed their offenses (e.g., driving too slowly, tailgating). You're designing next year's model cars, and have just read Chapter 12 (Aggression). What new design feature might you suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  a second horn that makes a funny "I'm sorry" noise 
B)  a louder, more powerful stereo system to distract drivers from their frustration 
C)  a second horn that makes a louder, more threatening sound that communicates, "I'm really angry now!" 
D)  bulletproof glass on all new model cars

Question 8

Opponents of the death penalty for certain violent crimes might use social-psychological data to argue that one reason why the threat of capital punishment doesn't serve as an effective deterrent to violence is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the odds are low that a violent criminal will be promptly apprehended, tried, and convicted 
B)  the threat of death by lethal injection is not severe enough to deter violent criminals 
C)  many capital cases are plea-bargained to save the state money d the vast majority of violent crimes are crimes of passion

Question 9

Explain what a "culture of honor" is, its origin, and how being raised in a culture of honor can influence aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what a "culture of honor" is,...

Question 10

Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scott has a quick temper and gets into fights at parties. 
B)  An assassin kills a leader to ensure the success of a coup. 
C)  Angry at her boyfriend, Liz destroys his stereo. 
D)  Karin runs over her neighbor's cat.

Question 11

Research by Patterson (1974) found that high school football players were more competitive and aggressive in __________ than __________ weeks, thereby contradicting the predictions of the supporters of catharsis.

Accepted Answer

A)  earlier; later 
B)  later; earlier 
C)  weeks when they played rivals; non-rival 
D)  non-rival weeks; rivalry

Question 12

__________ is to aggression as __________ is to cooperation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive dissonance; empathy 
B)  Dehumanization; empathy 
C)  Rewards; punishment 
D)  Self-justification; self-affirmation

Question 13

Assume that Kyle grew up in the South, where a "culture of honor" predominates. Based on research presented in the text, Kyle would be more likely than a northerner to behave aggressively when__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  he feels his life is threatened 
B)  someone insults him 
C)  he has been drinking 
D)  he has won a contest

Question 14

__________ theory can be used to explain why participants will derogate victims after they have done those victims physical or psychological harm.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive dissonance 
B)  Self-affirmation 
C)  Social learning 
D)  Psychoanalytic

Question 15

Andrea asks her friends to spread a nasty rumor about her opponent for the office of class president to attempt to damage his reputation in the days before the election. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental aggression 
B)  hostile aggression 
C)  assertiveness 
D)  physical aggression

Question 16

One problem with using archival data (e.g., existing records of disturbances) to demonstrate that exposure to uncomfortable levels of heat causes people to behave aggressively is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it is difficult to access such records 
B)  by definition, people who participate in disturbances are not a random sample 
C)  more people might simply be outside on a warm day than on a cold day 
D)  such disturbances do not involve the kind of aggression of interest to social psychologists

Question 17

You've arrived half an hour late to pick up a friend. She was scheduled to take an examination, and even if you speed on the way to the university, she will now lose at least twenty minutes of the time she needs to complete the exam. According to the authors, what is the best thing to say when you arrive?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It's all my fault. I overslept. I'm really sorry." 
B)  "I brought you some coffee and donuts to make it up to you." 
C)  "It's only one exam, and you're doing well in that course so far, aren't you?" 
D)  "Don't tell me that you've never overslept."

Question 18

Research on the effects of aggressive stimuli, such as guns, shows that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the mere presence of guns is enough to trigger aggressive behavior 
B)  the presence of guns increases the probability of aggressive behavior in the presence of frustration or anger 
C)  people only aggress in the presence of an aggressive stimulus 
D)  aggressive behavior triggers an aversion to aggressive stimuli

Question 19

According to information from your text, it would be easiest to "turn the other cheek" and not reciprocate aggression if you __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  took the insult personally 
B)  know it was not intentional 
C)  know the other person purposely hurt you 
D)  find out mitigating circumstances after being insulted

Question 20

According to the frustration-aggression theory, frustration-the perception that we are being prevented from reaching a goal-does not always lead to aggression. What factors increase the odds that frustrated people will aggress?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the frustration-aggression theory, frustration-the perception...

Exam 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It