Question 1

Baby Dennis sees a ball on the floor. He picks it up, looks at it carefully, and then bangs it on the ground. He picks it up again, holds it over his head, and drops it. Then, he picks it up and throws it. Dennis continues playing for several minutes. Dennis is in which of Piaget's sensorimotor substages?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary circular reactions 
B)  secondary circular reactions 
C)  coordination of secondary circular reactions 
D)  tertiary circular reactions

Question 2

Neither Vygotsky's nor Piaget's theory had much to say about

Accepted Answer

A)  the role of nurture in development. 
B)  the role of more mature mentors in development. 
C)  language and thought in development. 
D)  adult cognitive development.

Question 3

A scheme based on a reflex that has become completely separate from its eliciting stimulus is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  primitive symbol. 
B)  disequilibrium. 
C)  habit. 
D)  primary circular reaction.

Question 4

Adam says that the tree root tripped him because it is mean. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentric thought. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  animism. 
D)  operations.

Question 5

Lexi calls every animal she sees a cat. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  disequilibrium. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  equilibration.

Question 6

Vygotsky differs from Piaget in how he stresses the importance of _____ for cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  children's own maturation 
B)  children's own exploration 
C)  children's interactions with other people 
D)  children's interactions with the physical environment

Question 7

Which of the following do Neo-Piagetians argue should have more emphasis in cognitive developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  how children acquire social learning 
B)  how children use attention, memory, and strategy to process information 
C)  evolutionary adaptations 
D)  critical periods during the transition between stages

Question 8

What did Vygotsky believe about the development of thought and language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thought and language emerge simultaneously and later separate. 
B)  Thought depends on language, so they are tied throughout development. 
C)  Thought and language develop independently at first and merge later in development. 
D)  Thought and language remain independent throughout development.

Question 9

Baby Alec continues to fuss for over 5 minutes when his brother takes away a toy that he enjoys playing with. This can be used as evidence that Alec has developed

Accepted Answer

A)  disequilibrium. 
B)  equilibrium. 
C)  adaptation. 
D)  object permanence.

Question 10

Children in Tools of the Mind classrooms exhibit more advanced skills in __________ than their peers in other early childhood programs.

Accepted Answer

A)  writing complex sentences 
B)  spelling accurately 
C)  understanding the concept of a sentence 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 11

According to Piaget, which of the following is characteristic of a child in the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  animism. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  centration. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

What is the main difference between a habit and a reflex?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main difference between a...

Question 13

Discuss the two stages of preoperational thought, and identify the ages at which they occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the two stages of preoperational thought,...

Question 14

Breanne's parents present her with a simple puzzle toy. At first, her parents completely finish the puzzle in front of her so she can learn the concept. As she begins to move the pieces on her own, though, they simply help by sometimes pointing at the right slot for a puzzle piece. The parent's evolving level of help is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a zone of proximal development. 
B)  dialogue. 
C)  scaffolding. 
D)  inner speech.

Question 15

Describe object permanence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe object permanence....

Question 16

The preoperational stage lasts from ages

Accepted Answer

A)  3 to 5. 
B)  4 to
7) 
C)  2 to 4. 
D)  2 to
7)

Question 17

3-month-old Ali is playing with a small stuffed animal. Ali's mother takes the stuffed animal away and hides it. Piaget would argue that Ali would not notice the absence of the stuffed animal because he has not developed

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment. 
B)  object permanence. 
C)  disequilibrium. 
D)  equilibrium.

Question 18

Which of the following would be impossible without the understanding of the concept of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehabituation after being presented with a new and interesting toy 
B)  starting a habitual action without the stimulus in the original reflex 
C)  intentional action such as using a stick to bring a toy close 
D)  thinking of retrieving the glass of water you left in another room

Question 19

Nine-year-old AJ enjoys participating in organized sports. He is developing an idea of belonging to a team. AJ's concept of being a team member is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  disequilibrium. 
B)  accommodation. 
C)  scheme. 
D)  assimilation.

Question 20

Following the homecoming game, a group of senior high school students drank a lot of alcohol. After that, they still insisted that they could drive home themselves without any problem. This behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological invulnerability. 
B)  danger invulnerability. 
C)  an imaginary audience. 
D)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Exam 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches