Question 1

Describe two examples of how pragmatic rules may vary across cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two examples of how pragmatic rules...

Question 2

When Juan moved to the United States from Mexico, he spoke only Spanish. After some time, he spoke Spanish and English. Now he only speaks English. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the dual-language approach. 
B)  subtractive bilingualism. 
C)  the whole-language approach. 
D)  the bilingual approach.

Question 3

Increased sophistication in word use (metaphors, satire, dialect, etc.) is characteristic of language development during

Accepted Answer

A)  middle childhood. 
B)  late childhood. 
C)  adolescence. 
D)  adulthood.

Question 4

When a child struggles with speech and language development, the professional who provides therapeutic intervention is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  pediatrician. 
B)  elocutionist. 
C)  speech therapist. 
D)  English tutor.

Question 5

You see your friend and say "Sup dude?" this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphor. 
B)  caricature. 
C)  satire. 
D)  dialect.

Question 6

Vocabulary typically continues to increase at least until

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescence. 
B)  early adulthood. 
C)  middle adulthood. 
D)  late adulthood.

Question 7

Michael Tomasello (2003, 2006, 2011, 2014) emphasizes what beneficial aspect of language development between parents and young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  use of correct morphology 
B)  joint attention 
C)  using a wide variety of hand gestures 
D)  multilingual conversation

Question 8

Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  humans are biologically prewired to learn language at a certain time in a certain way. 
B)  there is a physical structure in the brain exclusively for language acquisition. 
C)  language acquisition is strictly influenced by environment. 
D)  language is acquired and stored in the right hemisphere of the brain.

Question 9

According to Kuhl's research, at birth, infants are "citizens of the world," able to recognize sounds regardless of the syllables' language. At what age do infants get better at perceiving the changes in sounds in their own language?

Accepted Answer

A)  3-6 months 
B)  6-9 months 
C)  6-12 months 
D)  12-18 months

Question 10

Three-year-old Aspen said to her mother, "Me went to the park. Is you went too?" She is displaying errors in

Accepted Answer

A)  pragmatics. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  phonology. 
D)  semantics.

Question 11

Two-year-old Aiden asks his mom if she "bringed" his favorite toy with her. His use of "ed" on the end of the word "bring" to make it past tense indicates an understanding of

Accepted Answer

A)  morphology. 
B)  pragmatics. 
C)  phonology. 
D)  phonemes.

Question 12

Anthony holds up his glass and says, "Milk gone." These types of utterances are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  overextension. 
B)  underextension. 
C)  a vocabulary spurt. 
D)  telegraphic speech.

Question 13

Berko's study demonstrated children's understanding of morphological rules. It is impressive to note that the children in the study

Accepted Answer

A)  used morphological rules from utterances they had heard and applied them to words that they have never heard before. 
B)  were able to answer correctly without understanding or using morphological rules. 
C)  were unable to apply rules to fictional words. 
D)  based their responses on past instances of hearing the words used in the study.

Question 14

Children who are fluent in two languages perform better than their monolingual counterparts on tests in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical reasoning 
B)  concept formation 
C)  cognitive flexibility and complexity 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 15

Twelve-year-old Cade is able to produce all of the sounds of speech and construct complete, accurate, meaningful sentences but struggles with taking turns in a discussion, recognizing humor and figurative language. He is having communication difficulty in the area of

Accepted Answer

A)  phonology. 
B)  semantics. 
C)  morphology. 
D)  pragmatics.

Question 16

In a baby's first year of life, what vocalization stage comes after crying?

Accepted Answer

A)  cooing 
B)  gestures 
C)  babbling 
D)  first words

Question 17

Max is slow in developing language skills. Which of the following should Max's parents NOT do?

Accepted Answer

A)  read to him and discuss the stories 
B)  label things in his environment 
C)  expand on what he talks about 
D)  offer novel and abstract descriptions of things

Question 18

Explain three ways that family characteristics are linked to children's language and literacy development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain three ways that family characteristics are...

Question 19

As children move beyond two-word utterances, they begin using plural and possessive nouns, appropriate verb endings, prepositions, articles, and various forms of the verb "to be." This is evidence that the children

Accepted Answer

A)  are increasing their vocabulary. 
B)  have well-established phonology. 
C)  know morphological rules. 
D)  know pragmatic rules.

Question 20

Telegraphic speech is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  two-word utterances only. 
B)  short, complete sentences. 
C)  a sequence of succinct single syllable words. 
D)  short, precise words without grammatical markers.

Exam 9: Language Development