Question 1

According to Levinson, what four major conflicts do males come to grips with during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Levinson, what four major conflicts...

Question 2

According to the contemporary life-events approach of development, a divorce is likely to affect an individual in a

Accepted Answer

A)  negative way regardless of situations. 
B)  positive way regardless of situations. 
C)  unique way, dependent on mediating factors, adaptation, life-stage and sociohistorical context. 
D)  negative way only if children are involved.

Question 3

What individuals might become, what they would like to become, and what they dread they will become constitutes their

Accepted Answer

A)  possible selves. 
B)  fluctuating selves. 
C)  self-consciousness. 
D)  self-integration.

Question 4

Twenty-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Based on research into the development of self-recognition, Michael will MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A)  touch his nose in an attempt to wipe off the spot. 
B)  touch the mirror in an attempt to wipe the spot off of his nose. 
C)  wave and point to the child in the mirror. 
D)  look to his mother for assurance that the child in the mirror is okay.

Question 5

Those who engage in self-regulation are more likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  high achievement but low life satisfaction. 
B)  lower achievement but high life satisfaction. 
C)  high achievement and high life satisfaction. 
D)  low self-esteem.

Question 6

One way researchers examine identity changes in depth is by using a technique where you ask the individual to tell their life story and evaluate how meaningful and integrated that story is. This approach is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the narrative approach. 
B)  the MAMA cycle. 
C)  identity statuses. 
D)  identity crisis.

Question 7

Dewey comprehends that he is a 10-year-old boy who is: on the chess team, a member of a family, loves computer games, and hates peanut butter. This is Dewey's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem. 
B)  personality. 
C)  self-understanding. 
D)  character.

Question 8

When adults strive to pass down their legacies to the younger generations, they show

Accepted Answer

A)  identity. 
B)  intimacy. 
C)  generativity. 
D)  stagnation.

Question 9

Preschool children often describe themselves in terms of what dimension of the self or self-understanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical or active 
B)  abstract 
C)  symbolic 
D)  transitory

Question 10

Compared to a seven-year-old child, a nine-year-old child is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  give a less realistic self-evaluation. 
B)  give a more realistic self-evaluation. 
C)  have much lower self-esteem. 
D)  have an unhealthy self-image.

Question 11

An assignment in Chad's career development course has reopened the issue of choosing a major, inspiring him to let go of his long-held plan to be a biologist. He is interested in several possibilities, but has not made any decision. According to Marcia, Chad is in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  foreclosure. 
C)  achievement. 
D)  moratorium.

Question 12

Older adults are more likely to link their well-being to ______, while younger adults are more likely to assess their well-being in terms of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  their accomplishments; physical attraction 
B)  their accomplishments; their careers 
C)  their accomplishments and good health; their ability to accept change 
D)  good health and their ability to accept change; their careers

Question 13

Maria is experiencing identity confusion. Which of the following statements describes Maria?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is withdrawn and isolated from her family. 
B)  She is immersed in her friends and equates her identity with the crowd. 
C)  She is withdrawn and isolated from her friends. 
D)  All of these are possible descriptions of Maria.

Question 14

Define self, identity, and personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define self, identity, and personality....

Question 15

The selective optimization with compensation model is based on the idea that older adults fare better when they

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore their increasing limitations. 
B)  use technology to broaden and increase their daily activities and efforts. 
C)  effectively and creatively allocate new skills to tasks they want to master. 
D)  reduce their self-control and regulation.

Question 16

According to Cooper, mutuality and permeability are two dimensions of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-assertion. 
B)  separateness. 
C)  individuality. 
D)  connectedness.

Question 17

What theory emphasizes the influence of life experiences on personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)  BOOM theory 
B)  contemporary life-events approach 
C)  MAMA cycles 
D)  Big Five factors of personality theory

Question 18

The "MAMA" cycle is

Accepted Answer

A)  the phenomenon in which young adults look to their parents to make difficult decisions for them in various areas of identity. 
B)  a pattern of identity formation in which those with positive identities cycle through the moratorium and achievement stages multiple times. 
C)  direct coercion or subtle pressure from parents for an individual to make a particular identity choice. 
D)  the phenomenon in which young adults do not feel pressure to make identity choices and remain in a state of identity diffusion for long periods of time.

Question 19

Describe three of the four different ways adults can develop generativity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three of the four different ways...

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of how a young child might make a self-evaluation using an unrealistically positive overestimation?

Accepted Answer

A)  I am sometimes scared of the dark. 
B)  I know most of my ABCs. 
C)  I can sing part of that song. 
D)  I am never scared.

Exam 11: The Self, Identity, and Personality