Question 1

Enculturation begins with the development of self-awareness,which may be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to assume social roles. 
B) the ability to identify oneself as an object,to react and appraise oneself. 
C) the process by which the self adapts to a particular environment. 
D) the process by which an individual identifies right and wrong. 
E) the belief that one has lived a previous life.

Question 2

Why is the concept of normality different from culture to culture?

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Question 3

Contrast dependence with independence training.Identify societies where each would be expected and explain why.Have inconsistencies developed? If so,explain why?

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Question 4

Childrearing practices that encourage compliance in performing tasks and dependence upon the group rather than on the individual is called:

Accepted Answer

A) enculturation training. 
B) independence training. 
C) dependence training. 
D) transference training. 
E) community training.

Question 5

Which of the following refers to the idea that character traits that occur with the most frequency in a cultural society are representative of the values that culture embraces?

Accepted Answer

A) National cultural traits 
B) Modal personality 
C) National personality 
D) Social conformity models 
E) Community training

Question 6

All cultures practice gender bending (creating more than two gender categories)as a way of dealing with different types of sexual categories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An ethnic psychosis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) a psychotic episode experienced by a person from an exotic culture. 
B) a progressive disease that strikes anthropologists when they spend more than 12 months in the field. 
C) a psychosis characterized by symptoms peculiar to a particular group. 
D) a universal form of mental illness. 
E) a biologically-based disease that resembles schizophrenia.

Question 8

An alternative to the concept of national character is:

Accepted Answer

A) modal personality. 
B) core values. 
C) stereotyping. 
D) group personality. 
E) independence training.

Question 9

No discussion of culture and personality would be complete without considering national character studies.What are national character studies? Describe why and how they came about.Discuss their shortcomings.

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Question 10

Several years ago,the Italian tourism minister commented on the "typical characteristics" of Germans,causing a huge controversy as to whether or not a people could be labeled.This labeling and grouping is called:

Accepted Answer

A) modal personality. 
B) national character. 
C) stereotype. 
D) group personality. 
E) independence training.

Question 11

Using examples from the chapter,how do cultures change their attitudes toward mental illnesses through time?

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Question 12

How do group and modal personality relate to each other?

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Question 13

Discuss cross-cultural gender models,explaining how various cultures view genders differently.Give specific examples to illustrate your thoughts.

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Question 14

In today's Native American societies,the preferred term to describe an individual who falls between the categories of "man" and "woman" is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) berdache. 
B) gay. 
C) passive homosexual. 
D) two-spirit. 
E) effeminate.

Question 15

The underlying structure of a mental illness may be the same,but it is expressed in a culturally-specific manner.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Why is personality important in the development of culture?

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Question 17

Compare and contrast dependence and independence training.

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Question 18

The author of the original study "The Blessed Curse" wrote,"From a very early age I was presented with two different and conflicting views of myself." What did the author mean by this? Explain.

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Question 19

The personality typical of a society,as indicated by the central tendency of a defined frequency distribution,is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a core value. 
B) a nuclear personality. 
C) a pattern of affect. 
D) culture and personality. 
E) a modal personality.

Question 20

What are the agents of enculturation?

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Exam 16: Social Identity, Personality, and Gender