Question 1

Match between columns Premises: Oxygen is toxic to certain prokaryotic organisms.
Photosynthetic bacteria contain chloroplasts.
Some prokaryotes have cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane.
Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from anaerobic bacteria.
Prokaryotes can adopt several different basic shapes, including spherical, rod-shaped, and spiral.
The terms "prokaryote" and "bacterium" are synonyms.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of True and False is...

Question 2

Despite the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, prokaryotes have proteins that are distantly related to eukaryotic actin filaments and microtubules.What is likely to be the most ancient function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A) cell motility 
B) vesicle transport 
C) membrane support 
D) cell division

Question 3

Generate an analogy to describe the cell as the simplest unit of life to somebody who has not studied biology.Be sure to incorporate the observable features of living organisms, which distinguishes them from inanimate objects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generate an analogy to describe the cell...

Question 4

Which of the following choices BEST describes the role of the lysosome?

Accepted Answer

A) transport of material to the Golgi apparatus 
B) clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules 
C) sorting of transport vesicles 
D) the storage of excess macromolecules

Question 5

Chloroplasts are complex organelles present in all photosynthesizing eukaryotes.Three different membranes create chemically different environments inside the chloroplast.Precisely where are chlorophyll molecules localized in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

A) in the first, outer membrane 
B) in the space between the first and second membranes 
C) in the second, inner membrane 
D) in the third, innermost membrane

Question 6

Describe the benefits and limitations of utilizing electron microscopy to understand biological systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the benefits and limitations of utilizing...

Question 7

Brewer's yeast, apart from being an irreplaceable asset in the brewery and in the bakery, is an experimental organism used to study eukaryotic cells.However, it does have some limitations.Select all the processes below that CANNOT be studied in yeast.

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation 
B) motility 
C) exocytosis 
D) cell division

Question 8

The antibiotic streptomycin inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria.If this antibiotic is added to a culture of animal cells, protein synthesis in the cytosol continues normally.However, over time, the population of mitochondria in the cell becomes depleted.Specifically, it is observed that the protein-synthesis machinery inside the mitochondria is inhibited.
A.Explain this observation based on what you know about the origins of the modern eukaryote.
B.What do you expect to observe if, in a new experiment, animal cells are treated with diphtheria toxin, a compound that is known to block cytosolic protein synthesis but does not have any impact on bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The antibiotic streptomycin inhibits protein synthesis in...

Question 9

Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components within the cell, helping to determine its chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the environment.Remarkably, all of the different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20 __________.By linking them in different sequences, the cell can make protein molecules with different conformations and surface chemistries, and therefore different functions.

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotides 
B) sugars 
C) amino acids 
D) fatty acids

Question 10

Caenorhabditis elegans is a nematode.During its development, it produces more than 1000 cells.However, the adult worm has only 959 somatic cells.The process by which 131 cells are specifically targeted for destruction is called

Accepted Answer

A) directed cell pruning. 
B) programmed cell death. 
C) autophagy. 
D) necrosis.

Question 11

The __________ __________ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

A) plasma membrane 
B) Golgi network 
C) mitochondrial membrane 
D) nuclear envelope

Question 12

Cells that are specialized for the secretion of proteins are likely to have which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

A) long bundles of actin/myosin proteins 
B) small volume of cytoplasm 
C) large population of mitochondria 
D) enlarged endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Mitochondria contain their own genome, are able to duplicate, and actually divide on a different time line from the rest of the cell.Nevertheless, mitochondria cannot function for long when isolated from the cell because they are

Accepted Answer

A) viruses. 
B) parasites. 
C) endosymbionts. 
D) anaerobes.

Question 14

Draw and annotate a diagram that explains how living systems are autocatalytic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw and annotate a diagram that explains...

Question 15

For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below.Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once.
$\begin{array}{lll}
\text { chloroplast } & \text { cytosol } & \text { nucleus } \
\text { chromosome } & \text { endoplasmic reticulum } & \text { ribosomes } \
\text { cytoskeleton } & \text { mitochondrion } &
\end{array}$

Eukaryotic cells are bigger and more elaborate than prokaryotic cells.By definition, all eukaryotic cells have a __________, usually the most prominent organelle.Another organelle found in essentially all eukaryotic cells is the __________, which generates the chemical energy for the cell.In contrast, the __________ is a type of organelle found only in the cells of plants and algae, and performs photosynthesis.If we were to strip away the plasma membrane from a eukaryotic cell and remove all of its membrane-enclosed organelles, we would be left with the __________, which contains many long, fine filaments of protein that are responsible for cell shape and structure, and thereby form the cell's __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the following sentences, fill...

Question 16

A.thaliana, or Arabidopsis, is a common weed.Biologists have selected it over hundreds of thousands of other flowering plant species to serve as an experimental model organism because

Accepted Answer

A) it can withstand extremely cold climates. 
B) it can reproduce in 8-10 weeks. 
C) it produces thousands of offspring per plant. 
D) Both (
B)  and (
C)  are true.

Question 17

Employ the principles of evolution discussed in this chapter to explain how the specific features and predatory behaviors of some primitive eukaryotes may have given them a selective advantage over others 1.5 billion years ago.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Employ the principles of evolution discussed in...

Question 18

What is the smallest distance two points can be separated and still resolved using light microscopy?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 nm 
B) 0.2 μm 
C) 2 μm 
D) 200 μm

Question 19

The mitochondrial proteins found in the inner membrane are involved in the conversion of ADP to ATP, a source of energy for the cell.This process consumes which of the following substances?

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen 
B) nitrogen 
C) sulfur 
D) carbon dioxide

Question 20

Biologists cannot possibly study all living species.Instead, they try to understand cell behavior by studying a select subset of species.Which of the following characteristics are useful in an organism chosen for use as a model in laboratory studies?

Accepted Answer

A) amenability to genetic manipulation 
B) ability to grow under controlled conditions 
C) rapid rate of reproduction 
D) all of the above

Exam 1: Cells: The Fundamental Units of Life

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If the statement is false, explain why it is false.