Question 1

Nancy Chodorow's theory can be problematic when one is examining gender socialization in:

Accepted Answer

A)  poor families 
B)  biracial families 
C)  single-parent families 
D)  middle-class families

Question 2

The belief that individuals adopt the social roles in which they are placed ignores the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  men are more programmed than women to accept the norms of the dominant society 
B)  social roles rarely reflect societal consensus 
C)  humans exercise agency 
D)  there is little internalization of social roles in adults

Question 3

What exactly do black parents teach their children about race, race stratification, and race relations? What lessons did black adolescents and college students find to be the most useful? Your answer should be one paragraph in length.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What exactly do black parents teach their...

Question 4

When did the idea of the teenager come into existence?

Accepted Answer

A)  with the invention of the printing press 
B)  soon after the American Revolution 
C)  when compulsory education and child-labor laws were enacted 
D)  with the recognition of child abuse and neglect as a social problem

Question 5

According to Cooley's theory, the reactions we elicit in social situations create a mirror in which we see ourselves. This mirror is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  social self 
B)  social identity 
C)  generalized other 
D)  looking-glass self

Question 6

Lenore Weitzman and her colleagues examined preschool children's books in the 1970s. They found that these children's books portrayed:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender equality at home 
B)  both boys and girls in traditional gender roles 
C)  boys in traditional male roles but girls in nontraditional female roles 
D)  girls in traditional female roles but boys in nontraditional male roles

Question 7

Alma is in later childhood, and her peers, the media, and other social institutions are important socializing forces. She is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational socialization 
B)  primary socialization 
C)  secondary socialization 
D)  young adulthood socialization

Question 8

Young Hee is communicating specific verbal and nonverbal messages to her children regarding the meaning and significance of race, racial stratification, intergroup relations, and personal identity. She is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A)  resocialization 
B)  social reproduction 
C)  race socialization 
D)  the hidden curriculum

Question 9

Referring to the studies conducted by Albert Bandura, which experimental condition was the most powerful with respect to influencing children to act aggressively?

Accepted Answer

A)  observing an actual actor behaving aggressively 
B)  watching a videotaped actor behaving aggressively 
C)  watching a cartoon version of aggression 
D)  observing no aggression

Question 10

The process of self-development through which we establish a unique sense of who we are as a person and our relationship to the rest of the world is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  social identity 
B)  social reproduction 
C)  self-identity 
D)  anticipatory socialization

Question 11

What percent of American teens go online at least once a day?

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 30 
B)  50 
C)  70 
D)  more than 90

Question 12

In the experiment by Will et al. (1976), five mothers reacted to an infant differently depending on whether:

Accepted Answer

A)  other infants were present 
B)  the infant was of the same race or ethnicity as themselves 
C)  the infant was crying or asleep 
D)  the infant was dressed as a boy or a girl

Question 13

Erving wants to minimize the number of violent acts that his daughter watches. Which type of television program should he avoid since it has the most violent acts per episode?

Accepted Answer

A)  action-adventure programs 
B)  news shows 
C)  crime-detective programs 
D)  cartoons

Question 14

What is an example of the hidden curriculum?

Accepted Answer

A)  encouraging boys to take advanced math and science classes 
B)  making physical education classes a graduation requirement 
C)  providing nutritious school lunches 
D)  requiring graduating seniors to pass a minimum skills test

Question 15

Jean Piaget's theory of child development focuses on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  emergence of gender identity 
B)  distinct stages of cognitive development 
C)  importance of sensorimotor development 
D)  development of the generalized other

Question 16

Compare and contrast Sigmund Freud's and Nancy Chodorow's theories of gender identity. What criticisms can be made of each? Your answer should be four to five paragraphs in length.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast Sigmund Freud's and Nancy...

Question 17

What is a criticism that can be made of Freud's view on gender identity development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud does not focus enough on genital awareness. 
B)  Freud's theory depends on the notion that the vagina is superior to the penis. 
C)  Freud downplays the importance of the mother-child relationship. 
D)  Freud did not understand that the possession and absence of the penis are symbolic of masculinity and femininity.

Question 18

Race socialization as examined by Brown et al. (2006) was focused on black parents and their children, but an important conclusion of their work suggests that white parents and children must be socialized in order to:

Accepted Answer

A)  learn to be proud of their white heritage 
B)  recognize and fight racism 
C)  recognize and fight reverse racism 
D)  become color blind

Question 19

One criticism of Cooley's theory of the looking-glass self is:

Accepted Answer

A)  some people never reach the looking-glass-self stage 
B)  we do not passively accept what others think of us 
C)  this process does not exist in many cultures 
D)  it focuses too much on cognitive development

Question 20

Sociologist Frank Furstenberg points out that young adulthood facilitates a stage in personal and sexual development in modern societies, with five tasks considered crucial to transitioning to adulthood-leaving home, finishing school, marriage, children, and financial independence. Which of the following statements concerning Furstenberg's observations is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A higher percentage of people achieve all five milestones before the age of 30 now than in 1960. 
B)  Furstenberg laments the fact that young people "refuse to grow up." 
C)  Furstenberg believes that adults today settle too soon on a career and spouse. 
D)  Young people today define adulthood in terms of abstract traits like self-reliance and happiness.

Exam 4: Socialization and the Life Course