Question 1

In adolescence, the peer group

Accepted Answer

A)   becomes the vehicle for the transition from protected family life to independence.
B)   provides the setting for mutual activities.
C)   teaches about relationships and the natural world.
D)   occupies less than 50 percent of the adolescent's time.
E)   declines in importance as school demands increase. A

Question 2

For an adult, the essential ingredient for the formation of a bond with an infant seems to be the opportunity to develop real __________ .

Accepted Answer

synchrony

Question 3

Which type of aggression in early childhood is predictive of a lifelong pattern of antisocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   hostile
B)   physical
C)   trait
D)   instrumental
E)   relational C

Question 4

Research with the pygmy group called the Efe and their infants indicated that they have __________ because they are cared for __________ in the early years of life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research with the pygmy group called the...

Question 5

Rivalrous or critical sibling relationships seem to be more common when

Accepted Answer

A)   siblings are widely separated in age.
B)   parents are less satisfied with their marriage.
C)   the siblings are sisters.
D)   the siblings go to the same school.
E)   there is a single parent home.

Question 6

Which of the following is an accurate finding of research on bullies and their victims?

Accepted Answer

A)   Victims vary greatly in characteristics.
B)   Bullies have high levels of anxiety.
C)   Bullies tend to be more aggressive to adults that do nonbullies.
D)   Parents of bullies ted to set excessive limits.
E)   Nine percent of elementary school children have been victims.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most common pattern in a sibling caregiver relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)   older and younger sisters
B)   older and younger brothers
C)   older brother and younger sister
D)   older sister and younger brother
E)   identical twin sisters

Question 8

According to Bowlby, the child's genuine attachment to a parent first appears at about ________ month(s) of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   3
C)   6
D)   9
E)   12

Question 9

After the first weeks of the baby's life, fathers in the United States, compared to mothers, spend

Accepted Answer

A)   more time in routine caregiving.
B)   the same amount of time smiling at the baby.
C)   more time playing with the baby.
D)   more time talking to the baby.
E)   less time roughhousing with the baby.

Question 10

Fifteen-month-old Billy and Bettina are playing together with toys. Sometimes they cooperate, but mostly they play side-by-side with different toys. This is a pattern that Parten described as

Accepted Answer

A)   parallel play.
B)   peer play.
C)   playmateship.
D)   friendship.
E)   coordinated play.

Question 11

Research with the Efe culture in which there is communal child rearing has found that children in this culture

Accepted Answer

A)   use any adult as a safe base until 10 years of age.
B)   show no special preference for their own mother.
C)   have stronger attachment behaviors than normal.
D)   show some signs of central attachment.
E)   prefer to be with their fathers.

Question 12

Fear of strangers and separation anxiety

Accepted Answer

A)   occur only in Western cultures.
B)   differ in intensity among children.
C)   differ in timing among children.
D)   do not really occur in most children.
E)   first appear at five months of age.

Question 13

The emotional tie to one's parent or caregiver is so crucial to budding psychosocial development that its presence or absence literally provides a forecast to one's relational and social skills in the future. Ultimately, secure attachment is essential for knowing that the world is a place he or she can __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emotional tie to one's parent or...

Question 14

Describe the development of the two types of play identified in the recording.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the development of the two types...

Question 15

Bowlby stated that early infant-parent relationships

Accepted Answer

A)   are mutually and reciprocally shaped by way of an extended series of reinforcements, punishments, and extinctions.
B)   have survival value and are built and maintained by an interlocking repertoire of instinctive behaviors that create and sustain proximity between parent and child.
C)   are rooted in the infant's id instincts, especially sexual drives, which become associated with various erogenous zones of the body.
D)   are reflexive, organized patterns of behavior, which gradually become modified through the process of assimilation/accommodation.
E)   are based on affectional bonds that build a permanent secure base for later development.

Question 16

The strongest theoretical influence in modern-day studies of infant-parent relationships is the work of

Accepted Answer

A)   Bandura and Watson.
B)   Piaget and Ainsworth.
C)   Erikson and Freud.
D)   Bowlby and Ainsworth.
E)   Freud and Piaget.

Question 17

Attachment is mostly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   the temperament of the child.
B)   the goodness of fit between the infant's temperament and his/her environment.
C)   the goodness of fit between the parent's temperament and his/her environment.
D)   the temperament of the mother.
E)   the temperament of either parent.

Question 18

In Bowlby's terminology, the ________ begins to be formed late in the child's first year of life and continues to become more elaborated and firm through the first four or five years.

Accepted Answer

A)   superego
B)   internal model
C)   object concept
D)   safe base
E)   maternal relationship

Question 19

Whenever Holly's mother returns after leaving her with a sitter for a period of time, Holly makes no effort to make contact with her mother. Ainsworth would say that Holly is exhibiting what type of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)   insecure/avoidant
B)   insecure/ambivalent
C)   securely attached
D)   insecure/disorganized
E)   insecure/disoriented

Question 20

Popular children tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)   aggressive.
B)   attractive.
C)   very smart.
D)   uncooperative.
E)   physically small.

Exam 11: The Development of Social Relationships