Question 1

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) salt pumping to control osmolarity. 
B) H+ pumping to control pH. 
C) reabsorption mechanisms along the proximal tubule. 
D) filtration from the glomerular capillaries. 
E) secretion along the distal tubule.

Question 2

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time,she may die from dehydration.ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

Accepted Answer

A) anterior pituitary gland. 
B) posterior pituitary gland. 
C) adrenal gland. 
D) bladder. 
E) kidney.

Question 3

An animal body's automatic maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback. 
B) negative feedback. 
C) homeostasis. 
D) thermoregulation.

Question 4

An example of an ectothermic organism that would have difficulty adjusting its body temperature due to its typical physical environment is a

Accepted Answer

A) terrestrial lizard. 
B) sea star,a marine invertebrate. 
C) shark. 
D) hummingbird. 
E) house fly.

Question 5

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Accepted Answer

A) loops of Henle. 
B) distal convoluted tubules. 
C) proximal convoluted tubules.

Question 6

What do tendons hold together?

Accepted Answer

A) bones to other bones 
B) muscles to bones 
C) muscles to other muscles 
D) skin to other organs

Question 7

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Accepted Answer

A) the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 42°C. 
B) the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C) a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D) blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E) the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten.

Question 8

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A) the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans. 
B) the primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds. 
C) the primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates. 
D) unimportant in relation to humans.

Question 9

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is

Accepted Answer

A) fresh water. 
B) plasma in birds. 
C) plasma in a marine mammal. 
D) seawater in a tidal pool. 
E) plasma in terrestrial reptiles.

Question 10

-The thin horizontal arrows in the figure show that

Accepted Answer

A) the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed when the legs are too cold to function well. 
B) the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood. 
C) the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood. 
D) the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen,compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose. 
E) the goose's legs get progressively warmer as the blood moves away from the abdomen to the feet.

Question 11

Interstitial fluid is

Accepted Answer

A) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B) the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C) identical to the composition of blood. 
D) the fluid that surrounds body cells.

Question 12

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Accepted Answer

A) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B) a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C) the release or reception of chemical signaling molecules. 
D) the exchange of DNA between the cells.

Question 13

Ammonia

Accepted Answer

A) is soluble in water. 
B) can be stored in the body as a precipitate. 
C) has low toxicity relative to urea. 
D) requires more energy to synthesize than urea. 
E) is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects.

Question 14

Suppose that a patient is diagnosed with a tumor in her parathyroid gland such that excess PTH is secreted.What can be given to the patient to counteract the effects of the tumor?

Accepted Answer

A) T3 and T4 
B) epinephrine 
C) growth hormone 
D) calcitonin 
E) glucagon

Question 15

All types of muscle tissue have

Accepted Answer

A) nonstriated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
B) striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
C) cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated. 
D) a response that can be consciously controlled. 
E) interactions between actin and myosin fibers.

Question 16

The graph shows the body temperatures of two animals as a function of the environmental temperature.What might Animal 2 be?

Accepted Answer

A) human 
B) lobster 
C) seagull 
D) dog

Question 17

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals,and it also regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish.Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

Accepted Answer

A) is a nonspecific hormone. 
B) has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C) is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D) is derived from two separate sources. 
E) interacts with many different receptor molecules.

Question 18

The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be ________ with a ________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A) hyperosmotic;freshwater 
B) isotonic;freshwater 
C) hyperosmotic;saltwater 
D) isoosmotic;saltwater 
E) hypoosmotic;saltwater

Question 19

Sparrows (a small bird species)secrete uric acid as their form of nitrogenous waste because uric acid

Accepted Answer

A) is readily soluble in water. 
B) is metabolically less expensive to synthesize than other excretory products. 
C) requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal,thus reducing water waste. 
D) excretion allows birds to live in desert environments.

Question 20

Thiazide is a medicinal drug that blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubule.What effect will thiazide have on the resulting filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A) The filtrate will be more dilute. 
B) The filtrate will be more concentrated. 
C) The filtrate will not change. 
D) The filtrate will have more sodium and chloride.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling