Question 1

A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft tissue injury.The pain associated with the injury is related to:

Accepted Answer

A)   histamine.
B)   prostaglandins.
C)   vasoconstriction.
D)   immune complex formation. B

Question 2

The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)   chemotaxis.
B)   endocytosis.
C)   margination.
D)   diapedesis. A

Question 3

The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Activation of a series of proenzymes
B)   Phagocytosis initiation
C)   Granulocyte production
D)   Activated by interferon A

Question 4

Healing by secondary intention would occur in which of the following patients? A patient with a:

Accepted Answer

A)   sutured surgical wound.
B)   stage IV pressure ulcer.
C)   paper cut.
D)   sunburn.

Question 5

A 54-year-old male intravenous (IV)drug user is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C.Testing revealed that he is a candidate for treatment.Which of the following could be used to treat his condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Interleukin-1
B)   Interleukin-6
C)   Interleukin-10
D)   INFs

Question 6

A nurse remembers that the primary actions of the complement cascade include: (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)   increased vascular permeability.
B)   vasoconstriction.
C)   chemotaxis.
D)   opsonization.
E)   cell killing.F)  increased clotting.

Question 7

A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief.A nurse recalls aspirin relieves the headache by:

Accepted Answer

A)   decreasing leukotriene production.
B)   increasing histamine release.
C)   decreasing prostaglandin production.
D)   increasing platelet-activating factor.

Question 8

The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of inflammation.The nurse would expect to find which of the following signs and symptoms consistent with acute inflammation? (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)   Heat
B)   Erythema
C)   Pain
D)   Swelling
E)   PalenessF)  Loss of function

Question 9

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection.Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

Accepted Answer

A)   Interleukin-1
B)   Interleukin-6
C)   Interleukin-10
D)   Interferons (IFNs)

Question 10

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   18-year-old with diabetes
B)   70-year-old with congestive heart failure
C)   24-year-old who is immunocompromised
D)   30-year-old with pneumonia

Question 11

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection.Cultures of the bacteria revealed lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface.Which of the complement pathways would be activated in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)   Classical pathway
B)   Lectin pathway
C)   Alternative pathway
D)   Kinin pathway

Question 12

The post-surgical patient is experiencing delayed wound healing.The dietitian believes the delay is related to nutritional intake.A deficiency in which of the following substances could directly affect healing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vitamin D
B)   Ascorbic acid
C)   Melanin
D)   Cholesterol

Question 13

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   eosinophil.
B)   neutrophil.
C)   lymphocyte.
D)   macrophage.

Question 14

Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding the classical pathway of the complement system? The classical pathway of the complement system is activated by:

Accepted Answer

A)   histamine.
B)   antigen-antibody complexes.
C)   leukotrienes.
D)   prostaglandins.

Question 15

The macrophage secretion that stimulates procollagen synthesis and secretion is:

Accepted Answer

A)   angiogenesis factor.
B)   matrix metalloproteinase.
C)   vascular endothelial growth factor.
D)   transforming growth factor-beta.

Question 16

A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting vaginal discharge of a white, viscous, and foul-smelling substance.She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6 months.Which finding will the nurse most likely see on the microorganism report?

Accepted Answer

A)   Clostridium difficile overgrowth
B)   Decreased Lactobacillus
C)   Streptococcus overgrowth
D)   Decreased Candida albicans

Question 17

When phagocytes begin to stick avidly to capillary walls, which process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)   Margination
B)   Exudation
C)   Integration
D)   Emigration

Question 18

The nurse is reviewing the lab data of a newly admitted patient.The nurse notes the patient had an erythrocyte sedimentation done, and the results are quite elevated.The nurse would focus the care plan on which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anemia
B)   Infection
C)   Inflammation
D)   Electrolyte imbalance

Question 19

A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)   chemotaxis.
B)   endocytosis.
C)   degranulation.
D)   opsonization.

Question 20

A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee.The injured area becomes painful.What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vasoconstriction at injured site
B)   Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C)   Pale skin at injured site
D)   Edema at injured site

Exam 6: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing