Question 1

A 25-year-old male was diagnosed with Goodpasture syndrome.While planning care for this patient,which of the following mechanisms would cause tissue injury?

Accepted Answer

A)   Viral infection of the Bowman capsule
B)   Production of antibodies against the glomerular basement membrane
C)   Antigen-antibody complex deposition with complement activation
D)   Abnormal activation of clotting factors and microclotting in the glomerulus B

Question 2

A patient with end-stage renal disease has pruritus.When the patient asks what causes this,what is the nurse's best response? Pruritus,seen in patients with end-stage renal disease,is caused by high levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Potassium
B)   Calcium
C)   Sodium
D)   Magnesium B

Question 3

When a nurse observes poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis as a diagnosis on a patient,which principle will the nurse remember? Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria
B)   Antigen-antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage
C)   Inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells
D)   Accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies B

Question 4

Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Blood loss via the urine
B)   Renal insensitivity to vitamin D
C)   Inadequate production of erythropoietin
D)   Inadequate retention of serum iron

Question 5

A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension,anorexia,nausea and vomiting,and anemia.She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.When the patient asks what caused this anemia,how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Red blood cells being lost in the urine
B)   Inadequate production of erythropoietin
C)   Inadequate iron absorption in the gut
D)   Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus

Question 6

A 42-year-old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure,and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment.Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting:

Accepted Answer

A)   Fats
B)   Complex carbohydrates
C)   Proteins
D)   Sugars

Question 7

A nurse assesses a patient with a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI)for:

Accepted Answer

A)   Several species of bacteria
B)   Other health problems
C)   Urosepsis
D)   Rrethral obstruction

Question 8

When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of,how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)   magnesium.
B)   struvite.
C)   calcium.
D)   phosphate.

Question 9

A 28-year-old female presents with fever,chills,and flank pain.She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis.A nurse recalls the patient's infection is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Bladder
B)   Renal pelvis
C)   Renal tubules
D)   Glomerulus

Question 10

A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine,flank pain,hematuria,and fever.Which of the following does the nurse suspect the patient is most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acute cystitis
B)   Renal calculi
C)   Chronic renal failure
D)   Postrenal renal failure

Question 11

A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction.Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anuria
B)   Hematuria
C)   Pyuria
D)   Flank pain

Question 12

A 45-year-old male presents with oliguria.He is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis.The nurse knows oliguria is related to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow
B)   Increased glomerular capillary oncotic pressure and tubular obstruction
C)   Activation of renin-angiotensin from decreased blood volume
D)   Vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles

Question 13

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction.While planning care,the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased renal blood flow.
B)   decreased peritubular capillary pressure.
C)   dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage.
D)   stimulation of antidiuretic hormone.

Question 14

A 35-year-old female was severely burned and is hospitalized.She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN).Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prerenal
B)   Intrarenal
C)   Extrarenal
D)   Postrenal

Question 15

A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hematuria
B)   Dysuria
C)   Oliguria
D)   Proteinuria

Question 16

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi,the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:

Accepted Answer

A)   urine pH.
B)   body temperature.
C)   gender.
D)   serum mineral concentrations.

Question 17

A 15-year-old male was diagnosed with pharyngitis.Eight days later he developed acute glomerulonephritis.While reviewing the culture results,which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Klebsiella
B)   Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
C)   Genital herpes virus
D)   Group A ß-hemolytic streptococcus

Question 18

A 25-year-old female presents with burning urination.She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection.When the nurse checks the culture results,which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptococcus
B)   Candida albicans
C)   Chlamydia
D)   Escherichia coli

Question 19

When a nurse is teaching about urinary pathogens in men.Which information should the nurse include? Mechanisms for defense against urinary pathogens in men include (select all that apply):

Accepted Answer

A)   The long length of the urethra
B)   Alkaline pH of urine
C)   Secretion of mucus that traps bacteria
D)   Antimicrobial secretions from the prostate
E)   Implantation of the ureters in the bladder

Question 20

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with renal failure.While the nurse is reviewing lab results,which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Elevated plasma creatinine level
B)   Decreased plasma potassium level
C)   Metabolic alkalosis
D)   Increased urea clearance

Exam 29: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function