Question 1

According to Erikson,which of the following factors is a component of identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  spiritual beliefs
B)  career path
C)  how intensely a person identifies with his or her cultural heritage
D)  All of these choices are correct. D

Question 2

The individual's cognitive representation of the self-the substance and content of self-conceptions-is called

Accepted Answer

A)  self-evaluation.
B)  self-understanding.
C)  self-esteem.
D)  None of these choices are correct. B

Question 3

Research indicates that self-esteem issues among females in emerging adulthood may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  movies and television.
B)  negative body image.
C)  conflict with parents.
D)  conflict with peers. B

Question 4

Jodie,age 16,refuses to take a summer job working at her father's grocery store and instead decides to volunteer at a camp for disabled children.She says she would feel "useless" bagging groceries.Erikson would say that Jodie's choice reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  her desire to be true to her own identity.
B)  her desire to be independent from her father.
C)  her basic laziness.
D)  her desire to be praised by the community for her selflessness.

Question 5

James Marcia uses the term ________ to mean a personal investment in what an individual is going to do.

Accepted Answer

A)  choice
B)  commitment
C)  buy-in
D)  selection

Question 6

Trisha's parents are concerned that at age 15,she seems to be unsure of what she wants to pursue for a career.Last month she was interested in nursing and now she is looking into social work.Trisha's parents should know that her behavior is

Accepted Answer

A)  immature and not typical for girls her age.
B)  typical for adolescents of her age.
C)  a cause for some concern; she should have had her college major decided by now.
D)  a sign of instability.

Question 7

Melody moved to the United States from the Philippines with her family.Although she has encountered some barriers related to language and racism,she also has made some close friends and,in general,moves easily between the two cultures.Which of the following is Melody LEAST likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  alienation from family
B)  abilities as a culture broker for others
C)  a bicultural self
D)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 8

Dan,age 17,was classified as an infant with a difficult temperament.From the longitudinal research that was done on the relationship between temperament in childhood and adjustment in adolescence,we might expect that Dan

Accepted Answer

A)  probably grew out of this temperament by puberty.
B)  is probably still having some problems relating to his childhood temperament,but they will be gone within the next year or two.
C)  is probably not a well-adjusted young man.
D)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 9

How effective are family cohesiveness and family communication at increasing adolescent self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  quite effective; families that are close and have good communication tend to have adolescents with high self-esteem
B)  not very effective; adolescent don't like to spend too much time with their families
C)  effective in girls but not very effective in boys
D)  effective in boys but not very effective in girls

Question 10

Research suggests that,compared to uninhibited children,individuals classified with inhibition in childhood are

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to experience social support in adolescence.
B)  less likely to experience social support in adolescence.
C)  more likely to be assertive as adolescents.
D)  more likely to enter a stable job tract early.

Question 11

The "social mirror" for adolescents is

Accepted Answer

A)  friends.
B)  parents.
C)  siblings.
D)  classmates.

Question 12

Lito and Jose are second-generation immigrants from Argentina.Their ethnic identity is likely to be linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  retention of their native language.
B)  whether or not they are close to their parents.
C)  the presence of extended family in the home.
D)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 13

During which stage do emotional highs and lows occur most frequently?

Accepted Answer

A)  early adolescence
B)  middle adolescence
C)  late adolescence
D)  emerging adulthood

Question 14

Describe the key elements of the contemporary view of identity development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the key elements of the contemporary...

Question 15

Jim is really angry with his friend for not returning a sports jacket that he borrowed.However,Jim puts on his favorite CD and distracts himself from his negative emotion.Jim clearly has some

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional competence.
B)  self-control.
C)  irresponsible friends.
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

Bob has explored a number of career paths in his senior year of high school and he has decided that he wants to pursue a career as a forensic psychologist.James Marcia would classify Bob in which identity status?

Accepted Answer

A)  identity foreclosure
B)  identity diffusion
C)  identity moratorium
D)  identity achievement

Question 17

Christopher's mother tells her friend that she does not understand why he is so moody and changeable.Christopher is most likely in

Accepted Answer

A)  late adolescence.
B)  middle adolescence.
C)  emerging adulthood.
D)  early adolescence.

Question 18

Define what is meant by emotional competence and give at least three examples to illustrate the concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define what is meant by emotional competence...

Question 19

What has been found to be a turning point in developing identity in late adolescence and emerging adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  relationships
B)  autonomy
C)  mortality events
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

A feeling that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to well-being is called

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion.
B)  affect.
C)  cognition.
D)  None of these choices are correct.

Exam 4: The Self, identity, emotion, and Personality