Question 1

Human development research has reached the conclusion that ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in human development will seem greater in poorer countries 
B)  without significant increases in income, human development is not possible 
C)  the best way to achieve human development is through economic development 
D)  economic growth and higher incomes are not necessary to achieve improvement in health and education

Question 2

The average life expectancy at birth of people in low-HDI countries is about___________ years less than that of people in very-high-HDI nations.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  20 
C)  25 
D)  30

Question 3

Complex patterns of international labor and production processes are termed ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a world system 
B)  global commodity chains 
C)  transnational corporations 
D)  postmodern production

Question 4

According to economic advisor Walt Rostow, all countries go through four stages of economic development. What is the correct sequence of economic development stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  take-off, traditional, high mass consumption, and technological maturity 
B)  traditional, technological maturity, take-off, and high mass consumption 
C)  high mass consumption, technological maturity, take-off, and traditional 
D)  traditional, take-off, technological maturity, and high mass consumption

Question 5

The adult literacy rate in the low-income countries is about half that of the high-income countries.___________ constitute about two-thirds of those who are illiterate in the low-income countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  Men 
B)  Women 
C)  Children 
D)  Adolescents

Question 6

In 1990, the United Nations introduced the ___________, establishing three new criteria, in addition to the gross national income, for measuring the level of development in a country.

Accepted Answer

A)  national resource product (NRP) 
B)  personal satisfaction index (PSI) 
C)  Gini coefficient 
D)  human development index (HDI)

Question 7

Throughout the world, even in remote and rural areas, people are benefiting from the economic development of low- and middle-income countries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Immanuel Wallerstein's ___________theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties in which wealthier nations benefit from other nations.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependency 
B)  new international division of labor 
C)  world systems 
D)  modernization

Question 9

The United Nations Development Programme uses a multidimensional measure of poverty. What are the dimensions used in the multidimensional poverty index (MPI)?

Accepted Answer

A)  health, education, and living standards 
B)  income, employment, and living standards 
C)  health, infant mortality, and literacy rates 
D)  literacy, employment, and infant mortality

Question 10

According to the United Nations, the gap in literacy rates between women and men has virtually disappeared.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to___________ , poorer nations cannot pursue their own economic and human development because they are trapped in a cycle of reliance on the richer nations for infusions of foreign capital and external markets for their raw materials.

Accepted Answer

A)  modernization theory 
B)  world systems theory 
C)  dependency theory 
D)  the new international division of labor theory

Question 12

Many people in low-income nations remain in poor health. In fact, about___________ million people die each year from diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, and other infections and parasitic illnesses.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  13 
C)  25 
D)  50

Question 13

The Gini coefficient measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Distinguish among absolute, relative, and subjective poverty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish among absolute, relative, and subjective poverty....

Question 15

According to___________ , the low-income, less-developed nations can improve their standard of living only with a period of intensive economic growth and accompanying changes in people's beliefs, values, and attitudes toward work.

Accepted Answer

A)  the new international division of labor theory 
B)  modernization theory 
C)  dependency theory 
D)  world systems theory

Question 16

___________poverty is measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Absolute 
B)  Relative 
C)  Standard 
D)  Subjective

Question 17

Explain what is measured by the Gini coefficient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is measured by the Gini...

Question 18

The___________ , named after a U.S. secretary of state, provided massive sums of money in direct aid and loans to rebuild the European economic base destroyed during World War II.

Accepted Answer

A)  Albright Plan 
B)  Baker Plan 
C)  Southern Plan 
D)  Marshall Plan

Question 19

___________refers to the closing of plants and factories because of their obsolescence or because workers in other nations are being hired to do the work more cheaply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reindustrialization 
B)  Capital flight 
C)  Decapitalization 
D)  Deindustrialization

Question 20

From the perspective of new international division of labor theory,___________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  commodity production takes place in whatever part of the world can provide the most profitable combination of labor and capital 
B)  high- and low-income countries are both dependent on transnational corporations for cheap goods 
C)  producer-driven commodity chains are the only relevant type of commodity chain 
D)  transnational corporations pay high taxes in order to find locations that will provide cheap labor

Exam 9: Race and Ethnicity

Human development research has reached the conclusion that ___________.

The average life expectancy at birth of people in low-HDI countries is about___________ years less than that of people in very-high-HDI nations.

Complex patterns of international labor and production processes are termed ___________.

According to economic advisor Walt Rostow, all countries go through four stages of economic development. What is the correct sequence of economic development stages?

The adult literacy rate in the low-income countries is about half that of the high-income countries.___________ constitute about two-thirds of those who are illiterate in the low-income countries.

In 1990, the United Nations introduced the ___________, establishing three new criteria, in addition to the gross national income, for measuring the level of development in a country.

Throughout the world, even in remote and rural areas, people are benefiting from the economic development of low- and middle-income countries.

Immanuel Wallerstein's ___________theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties in which wealthier nations benefit from other nations.

The United Nations Development Programme uses a multidimensional measure of poverty. What are the dimensions used in the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) ?

According to the United Nations, the gap in literacy rates between women and men has virtually disappeared.

According to___________ , poorer nations cannot pursue their own economic and human development because they are trapped in a cycle of reliance on the richer nations for infusions of foreign capital and external markets for their raw materials.

Many people in low-income nations remain in poor health. In fact, about___________ million people die each year from diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, and other infections and parasitic illnesses.

The Gini coefficient measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country.

Distinguish among absolute, relative, and subjective poverty.

According to___________ , the low-income, less-developed nations can improve their standard of living only with a period of intensive economic growth and accompanying changes in people's beliefs, values, and attitudes toward work.

___________poverty is measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions.

Explain what is measured by the Gini coefficient.

The___________ , named after a U.S. secretary of state, provided massive sums of money in direct aid and loans to rebuild the European economic base destroyed during World War II.

___________refers to the closing of plants and factories because of their obsolescence or because workers in other nations are being hired to do the work more cheaply.

From the perspective of new international division of labor theory,___________ .