Question 1

Durkheim suggested that religious beliefs and rituals are ______________that express or represent something important about the group itself.

Accepted Answer

A)  core beliefs 
B)  universal representations 
C)  collective representations 
D)  standard practices

Question 2

According to the text's discussion of civil religion,______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  civil religion is tied to the most popular religious group in a society 
B)  because of the separation of church and state, all civil ceremonies in the United States lack any religious quality 
C)  the U.S. flag is a sacred object within the nation's civil religion 
D)  there is public consensus about the importance of civil religion

Question 3

The______________ perspective focuses on how classroom communication and educational practices affect students' self-concept and aspirations.

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict 
B)  functionalist 
C)  symbolic interactionist 
D)  postmodern

Question 4

French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu used the term ______________to refer to a person's social assets, including knowledge of how to dress, language competency, and knowledge of art and music.

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural capital 
B)  social wealth 
C)  etiquette 
D)  cultural toolkit

Question 5

According to functionalists, religion______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a sense of false consciousness 
B)  promotes social cohesion and a sense of belonging 
C)  provides a mechanism for racial/ethnic integration 
D)  prevents anarchy while relieving the individual of responsibility

Question 6

According to sociologist______________ , students from diverse class backgrounds come to school with different amounts of cultural capital, which refers to social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  Karl Marx 
B)  Pierre Bourdieu 
C)  Emile Durkheim 
D)  Max Weber

Question 7

The term______________ refers to a social system in which status is assumed to be acquired through individual ability and effort.

Accepted Answer

A)  tracking 
B)  credentialism 
C)  meritocracy 
D)  educational bureaucracy

Question 8

Discuss the conflict perspective on education, and explain how tracking produces social inequality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the conflict perspective on education, and...

Question 9

______________refers to a decline in the importance of religious ideas, practices, and institutions in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

A)  Detheification 
B)  Religious reductionism 
C)  Secularization 
D)  Anti-religiosity

Question 10

Standardized tests are an effective means of testing student intelligence and ability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

______________is a belief in sacred principles of thought and conduct rather than a god or gods.

Accepted Answer

A)  Theism 
B)  Animism 
C)  Simple supernaturalism 
D)  Transcendent idealism

Question 12

______________emphasizes the way that religious beliefs and rituals work to bind people together in society.

Accepted Answer

A)  Functionalism 
B)  Symbolic interactionism 
C)  Conflict theory 
D)  Postmodernism

Question 13

With regard to gender in education, ____________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there is ample evidence that girls' increased educational achievement has come at the expense of boys 
B)  there is a growing concern about gender bias in schools disadvantaging female students and hurting their self- esteem 
C)  women today are enrolling in and graduating from college in higher numbers than men 
D)  boys and girls are now equal across all subjects in exam scores

Question 14

Education is the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of ______________within a formally organized structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge, skills, and cultural values 
B)  cultural values and beliefs 
C)  technical skills and training 
D)  information or knowledge

Question 15

Emile Durkheim used the term ______________to refer to things that inspire reverence and a deep sense of awe and respect that is beyond the ordinary.

Accepted Answer

A)  profane 
B)  sacred 
C)  spiritual 
D)  magical

Question 16

The famous quote stating that religion is an "opiate of the masses" comes from the work of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Karl Marx 
B)  Max Weber 
C)  Emile Durkheim 
D)  George Simmel

Question 17

______________is the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance within different sectors of society and culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sacreligion 
B)  Secularization 
C)  Detheification 
D)  Religious reductionism

Question 18

According to conflict theorists, credentialism, the hidden curriculum, and a belief in______________ ensure that the best education and job opportunities will go to members of the middle and upper classes.

Accepted Answer

A)  tracking 
B)  equal opportunity 
C)  meritocracy 
D)  bureaucracy

Question 19

In the United States, a great many different religious organizations that appeal to a wide variety of different people coexist together. This is termed religious______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  ecclesiasticism 
B)  gnosticism 
C)  pluralism 
D)  fundamentalism

Question 20

According to some critics, the standardized tests that are used to group students by ability often measure students' ______________rather than their "natural" intelligence or aptitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural capital 
B)  social wealth 
C)  prestige 
D)  cultural toolkit

Exam 13: Politics and the Economy in Global Perspective