Question 1

An environmental impact statement must include:

Accepted Answer

A)   an ethical analysis of the proposed action.
B)   short- and long-term environmental consequences of federally sponsored projects.
C)   solutions to any potentially adverse environmental effects.
D)   documentation of the financial cost-benefit analysis of the proposed action.
E)   a description of the solution to any associated environmental controversy. B

Question 2

Which of the following statements reflects the Western worldview?

Accepted Answer

A)   All organisms are interdependent
B)   Nature should be preserved, not used
C)   Human superiority and dominance over nature
D)   Humans and all other species have an equal worth
E)   Humans have no right to reduce diversity of life forms except to satisfy vital needs C

Question 3

Pricing a bottle of freon at $2,000 in order to pay for the damage it does to the ozone layer when it is eventually released into the environment is an example of adding in:

Accepted Answer

A)   emission charges.
B)   environmental impact statements.
C)   marginal costs.
D)   external costs.
E)   emission reduction credits. D

Question 4

What is the relationship between marginal cost of pollution and marginal cost of pollution abatement? What can plotting these two curves together tell you?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the relationship between marginal cost...

Question 5

Discuss the role of economics and government on the status of the environment in Central and Eastern Europe. Cite specific issues and/or examples in your discussion. Given the relatively recent changes in the government structure within this region, have any improvements in environmental policy or condition occurred? If so, explain the mechanism(s) that have allowed this to happen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the role of economics and government...

Question 6

Which of the following statements reflects the prevailing Western worldview?

Accepted Answer

A)   All organisms are interdependent.
B)   Nature should be preserved, not used.
C)   Humans have the right to modify the environment to benefit their wellbeing and high standard of living.
D)   Humans and all other species have an equal worth.
E)   Humans have no right to reduce diversity of life forms except to satisfy vital needs.

Question 7

Based on the accompanying graph, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   As more and more pollution is eliminated from the environment, the cost of removing each additional unit of pollution decreases.
B)   As more and more pollution is eliminated from the environment, the cost of removing each additional unit of pollution stays the same.
C)   As more and more pollution is eliminated from the environment, the cost of removing each additional unit of pollution increases.
D)   As more and more pollution is eliminated from the environment, the cost of removing each additional unit of pollution reaches equilibrium when intersecting the amount of pollution axis.
E)   Nothing can be inferred from the graph.

Question 8

Which of the following gave authority to the president to establish forest reserves on federally owned land?

Accepted Answer

A)   Northwest Forest Plan
B)   General Revision Act
C)   frontier attitude
D)   Antiquities Act
E)   The Fifth Amendment

Question 9

The Western world view most closely resembles the:

Accepted Answer

A)   deep ecology worldview
B)   utilitarian conservationist attitude
C)   biocentric preservationist attitude
D)   frontier attitude
E)   paralysis by analysis worldview

Question 10

National income accounts are incomplete estimates of national economic performance because national income accounts do not include:

Accepted Answer

A)   gross domestic product
B)   net domestic product
C)   estimates of imported goods and services
D)   estimates of external costs such as natural resource depletion and the environmental cost of economic activities
E)   estimates of human manufactured material goods

Question 11

The world's first national park was established in what year?

Accepted Answer

A)   1780
B)   1865
C)   1872
D)   1890
E)   1906

Question 12

When economists adopt a market-oriented strategy to deal with pollution:

Accepted Answer

A)   they encourage large retailers to pollute more.
B)   they raise the cost of pollution to discourage it.
C)   they lower the cost of pollution to discourage it.
D)   they increase the demand for pollution.
E)   they discourage recycling and encourage the use of virgin materials.

Question 13

In the field of economics, the additional cost associated with one more unit of something is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)   marginal cost.
B)   external cost.
C)   direct cost.
D)   fringe cost.
E)   total product cost.

Question 14

One approach to pollution control is incentive-based regulation. In this tactic

Accepted Answer

A)   industries adopting specific pollution control methods recommended by the government are rewarded.
B)   industries are encouraged to emit an amount of pollution that is economically most desirable for that company.
C)   green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on polluters.
D)   governments issue a fixed number of marketable waste-discharge permits.
E)   green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on polluters and governments issue a fixed number of marketable waste-discharge permits.

Question 15

A green campus is a(n) ______ campus!

Accepted Answer

A)   discard and go
B)   reuse and recycle
C)   environmentally unfriendly
D)   naïve and unsophisticated
E)   emerald and olive

Question 16

Laws that impose rules and regulations and set limits of pollution are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   command and control.
B)   environmental impact statements.
C)   legislative documents.
D)   legislative directives.
E)   environmental directives.

Question 17

The associated graph represents the:

Accepted Answer

A)   marginal cost of pollution.
B)   marginal cost of pollution abatement.
C)   marginal cost of recycling.
D)   marginal cost of waste-charge policy.
E)   marginal cost.

Question 18

You are an environmental ethicist. As such you consider:

Accepted Answer

A)   what role humans play in determining the fate of Earth's resources
B)   how humans should relate to the natural environment
C)   the moral basis of environmental responsibility
D)   political, economic, societal, and individual tradeoffs
E)   all of these choices are correct

Question 19

Which of the following is not included in an environmental impact statement?

Accepted Answer

A)   nature of the proposal
B)   short- and long-term effects of the proposal
C)   why the proposal is needed
D)   alternatives to the proposed course of action
E)   guarantees that no species or habitat will be negatively impacted by the proposal

Question 20

Founder of the Sierra Club, naturalist, and force behind the establishment of Yosemite and Sequoia national parks:

Accepted Answer

A)   Aldo Leopold.
B)   Henry David Thoreau.
C)   John James Audubon.
D)   John Muir.
E)   Theodore Roosevelt.

Exam 2: Environmental Laws Economic and Ethics