Question 1

On Macquarie Island invasive rabbits were causing declines in palatable vegetation, and feral cats were preying on native birds. What was the primary result when a flea carrying a virus that killed the rabbits decreased rabbits' numbers on the island?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feral cats switched from eating rabbits to eating native birds. 
B)  Feral cats also died off because of the loss of the rabbit prey. 
C)  Native bird populations on the island increased. 
D)  Native plant populations on the island declined.

Question 2

In Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models, prey populations decrease when

Accepted Answer

A)  P  r ÷ c. 
C)  P ÷ c > r. 
D)  P ÷ c < r.

Question 3

In Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions, c represents the

Accepted Answer

A)  probability of an encounter leading to prey's capture. 
B)  efficiency of converting consumed prey into predator offspring. 
C)  per capita mortality rate of predators. 
D)  intrinsic growth rate.

Question 4

What is true about the Lotka-Volterra model for predator and prey?

Accepted Answer

A)  The model includes recognition of the carrying capacity for prey. 
B)  The model includes recognition of the carrying capacity for predators. 
C)  The model results in oscillating populations of predator and prey with the prey population lagging behind the predator population. 
D)  The model results in oscillating populations of predator and prey with the predator population lagging behind the prey population.

Question 5

In Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions, the growth rate of the predator population is represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  NP - acmP. 
B)  acN - m. 
C)  acNP - mP. 
D)  cNP - amP.

Question 6

Experiments with fences that exclude deer and other plant herbivores from grazing showed greater plant biomass in fenced areas than in unfenced control areas. The few plant species that remain in unfenced areas are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  are tolerant to herbivory. 
B)  herbivores prefer not to eat. 
C)  herbivores cannot locate. 
D)  have high growth rates to compensate for herbivory.

Question 7

Reduced growth and development due to reduced feeding and foraging activity is a cost of

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical defenses. 
B)  structural defenses. 
C)  behavioral defenses. 
D)  crypsis.

Question 8

What is the driving force in the 10-year cycle of lynx and hare abundance?

Accepted Answer

A)  competition 
B)  low resources 
C)  climate change 
D)  predation

Question 9

Which would be considered a mesopredator?

Accepted Answer

A)  wolves 
B)  mountain lions 
C)  coyotes 
D)  bears

Question 10

Which is a warning coloration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Batesian coloration 
B)  Müllerian coloration 
C)  crypsis 
D)  aposematism

Question 11

In Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models, the equilibrium isocline for prey is represented as

Accepted Answer

A)  P = c ÷ r. 
B)  P ÷ r = c. 
C)  P ÷ c = r. 
D)  P = r ÷ c.

Question 12

In rocky shore communities in which sea urchins lived among populations of brown algae and other species of algae, sea urchins were experimentally removed. What happened in response to sea urchin removal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In rocky shore communities in which sea...

Question 13

In experiments with the backswimmer (Notonecta glauca), a predatory insect, and two types of prey species, isopods (Asellus aquaticus) and mayflies (Coeon dipterum), predator preference seemed to be affected by the percentage of mayflies. What explains the results presented in the figure? What type of functional response is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In experiments with the backswimmer (Notonecta glauca),...

Question 14

Many organisms that employ chemical defenses also display

Accepted Answer

A)  crypsis. 
B)  aposematism. 
C)  camouflage. 
D)  Batesian coloration.

Question 15

Milkweeds use _____ as a chemical defense against herbivory.

Accepted Answer

A)  alkaloids 
B)  tannins 
C)  glycosides 
D)  resin

Question 16

The figure shows results of a study in which scientists observed the responses of tadpoles to a caged predator and an empty control cage in tubs of water. The caged predator emitted a chemical that alerted the tadpoles to its presence but was not able to kill tadpoles. Based on the figure, how did tadpoles respond to the experiment, and what type of defense did they exhibit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The figure shows results of a study...

Question 17

Discuss the costs associated with defending against predation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the costs associated with defending against...

Question 18

Wolves hunt in packs that chase down their prey. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  sit-and-wait hunting. 
B)  ambush hunting. 
C)  active hunting. 
D)  trap hunting.

Question 19

In Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models, predator populations decrease when

Accepted Answer

A)  N ÷ ac  m. 
C)  N  m ÷ ac.

Question 20

Predators that live in the Canadian tundra and feed on larger herbivores tend to have _____ population cycles, and predators that feed on smaller herbivores tend to have _____ population cycles.

Accepted Answer

A)  short; long 
B)  long; short 
C)  short; short 
D)  long; long

Exam 14: Predation and Herbivory