Question 1

Which of the following whale species are recovering their population numbers as a result of whale harvesting regulations?
 I-right whales
II-Pacific gray whales
III-sperm whales
IV-fin whales
V-humpback whales

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II
B)  I,II,and III
C)  II and V
D)  I,II,III,and IV
E)  I,II,and V C

Question 2

Edge effects are the result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Populations of flora and fauna have emigrated from the core of their population center to the edge of their habitat.
B)  Metapopulations of some of the larger fauna have become more dominant on the landscape and as a result have increased the edge of their habitat.
C)  Habitat fragmentation or habitat shrinkage has occurred,and thus the edge of the habitat has increased in relative proportion.
D)  Habitat fragmentation or habitat shrinkage has occurred,and thus the edge of the habitat has decreased in relative proportion.
E)  Populations of particular species have decreased and are on the edge of extinction. C

Question 3

A small island has stable populations of plants and animals,including one species of hawk but no other large predators.A ship docks at the island,and the sailors hunt and kill most of the hawks.What would you expect as an immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the plants
B)  an increase in the insects
C)  an increase in the rodents
D)  a decrease in the fish
E)  a decrease in the plants C

Question 4

A floodplain is an area adjacent a stream or river that experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.These ecosystems can be very rich in both quantity and diversity of organisms and can contain up to 1,000 times more species than a river.Many floodplains have been compromised by the construction of levees,pollution,and the draining of wetlands and marshes.A restoration project that focuses its efforts on the removal of levees and the improvement of water quality,is a plan focused on

Accepted Answer

A)  restoration of species.
B)  restoration of ecosystem functioning.

Question 5

A major problem with hotspots is humans moving in and causing

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat destruction.
B)  increased genetic diversity.
C)  increased immigration among species.
D)  decreased introductions.
E)  decreased biomagnification.

Question 6

Human caused introductions can occur by which of the following? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  plants and animals accidentally escaping from ships
B)  automobile or truck tires
C)  being in the soil or on a plant sold at a nursery
D)  seeds or organisms attaching to clothing or shoes
E)  international cargo ships releasing ballast water in the ocean before arriving at port

Question 7

Regarding megafaunal extinctions,it is assumed that the driving factor was

Accepted Answer

A)  climate change.
B)  the Ice Age.
C)  Homo sapiens.
D)  a meteorite.
E)  rising sea levels.

Question 8

Without elephants,African grasslands convert to forests or to shrublands.Which of the following phrases are true statements about the elephant? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  The elephant is a keystone species.
B)  If elephants went extinct,other species in the area would be unaffected.
C)  Elephants graze on young shrubs and trees.
D)  Elephants are the most abundant species on the grassland.
E)  Grazing antelope depend on the presence of the elephant.

Question 9

Historical extinction rates are best known for

Accepted Answer

A)  reptiles and amphibians.
B)  reptiles and birds.
C)  amphibians and fish.
D)  amphibians and birds.
E)  birds and mammals.

Question 10

Natural colonization can happen in all of the following ways except

Accepted Answer

A)  a flock of birds gets blown off course.
B)  a bird eats a fruit on the mainland and defecates the seed on an island.
C)  people plant new species on an island.
D)  lowered sea levels connect two areas previously isolated.
E)  birds pick up seeds on their feet while wading in mud and drop them elsewhere.

Question 11

The extinction vortex

Accepted Answer

A)  is what happens as a population decreases and becomes more vulnerable to extinction from a variety of causes.
B)  begins when one species in an ecosystem goes extinct and other species follow.
C)  is what happens when competing species fight over a single niche,often driving both species to extinction.
D)  is a spiral of events that occur once a species has become overcrowded through excess reproduction.
E)  is a spiral of events that includes introduction of competing species,overexploitation,and disease,in that order.

Question 12

Researchers in England found that,for three out of four habitat types they were studying,the most efficient strategy was to create a system of stepping stones linking existing habitat clusters."Stepping stones" are a type of corridor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why might the different species of whales fail to recover even though hunting has been banned?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of genetic diversity
B)  loss of habitat
C)  introduction of invasive species
D)  increasing predation
E)  increased disease spread due to edge effects

Question 14

Island species are particularly vulnerable to extinction for all of the following reasons except

Accepted Answer

A)  humans have altered habitats.
B)  island species have lost the ability to escape predators.
C)  humans have introduced competitors.
D)  humans have introduced diseases.
E)  fewer endemic species are found on islands.

Question 15

Scientists speculate that extinctions did not occur in Africa as they did on other continents because animals coevolved with ________ in Africa.

Accepted Answer

A)  plants
B)  diseases
C)  parasites
D)  humans

Question 16

Scientists estimate that about ________ of the world's eukaryotic organisms have been discovered and given scientific names.

Accepted Answer

A)  1%
B)  5%
C)  15%
D)  40%
E)  90%

Question 17

What becomes more likely to occur in a small population? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Allee effect
B)  increased genetic drift
C)  increased genetic diversity
D)  extinction vortex
E)  increased edge effect

Question 18

An organism whose decline or removal from a habitat causes many other species numbers to change dramatically is called ________ species.

Accepted Answer

A)  a keystone
B)  a synergistic
C)  a nominal
D)  an introduced

Question 19

The process of examining the genomes of animals and plants for useful genes is

Accepted Answer

A)  gene prospecting.
B)  genetic engineering.
C)  phenotypic labeling.
D)  cloning.

Question 20

Animals that weigh more than 100 pounds are considered as

Accepted Answer

A)  extinct.
B)  endangered species.
C)  safe from extinction.
D)  sensitive species.
E)  megafauna.

Exam 58: Conservation Biology

Which of the following whale species are recovering their population numbers as a result of whale harvesting regulations? I-right whales II-Pacific gray whales III-sperm whales IV-fin whales V-humpback whales