Question 1

In applying the reasonable-basis test,courts tend to

Accepted Answer

A) require government only to show that a particular law is reasonable. 
B) assess whether a law had the support of a two-thirds majority of legislators at the time of passage. 
C) determine whether a law is working well and,if so,to allow it to remain in effect. 
D) prohibit any law that results in the unequal treatment of Americans. 
E) interpret the equal protection clause in a strict manner.

Question 2

Public support for same-sex marriage has

Accepted Answer

A) decreased significantly since the 1990s. 
B) increased significantly since the 1990s. 
C) remained steady since the 1990s. 
D) increased slightly since the 1990s. 
E) decreased slightly since the 1990s.

Question 3

What is equality of result? What relation does it have to de facto and de jure discrimination?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is equality of result? What relation...

Question 4

Women in America obtained the right to vote in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 1790 
B) 1865 
C) 1890 
D) 1920 
E) 1974

Question 5

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Accepted Answer

A) expired in the late 1990s. 
B) prohibits discrimination in voting and voter registration. 
C) was strengthened by the 2013 Supreme Court decision Shelby County v.Holder. 
D) applies only to federal elections,not state and local elections. 
E) has no significant provisions for enforcement.

Question 6

Equality of result policies are primarily directed at ________ discriminatory effects.

Accepted Answer

A) de jure 
B) de facto 
C) religious 
D) gender 
E) due process

Question 7

In the 1967 decision of Loving v.Virginia,the Supreme Court

Accepted Answer

A) first explicitly applied the strict-scrutiny test. 
B) ruled that Virginia could restrict marriage between adults. 
C) held that interracial marriage did not have constitutional protection. 
D) countered judicial reasoning it had used thirteen years earlier in its Brown decision. 
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 8

The focus of civil liberties is ________,and the focus of civil rights is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the rights of individuals protected from infringement by the government; equal rights in the treatment of members of differing groups 
B) equal rights in the treatment of members of differing groups; the rights of individuals protected from infringement by the government 
C) the rights of individuals under a government; the rights of society as a whole 
D) the rights of individuals to privacy and expression; the rights of individuals with respect to imprisonment and punishment 
E) the Tenth Amendment; the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 9

A law that placed restrictions on courses girls could take in high school would be evaluated by the courts using the

Accepted Answer

A) reasonable-basis test. 
B) strict-scrutiny test. 
C) intermediate-scrutiny test. 
D) precedent-basis test. 
E) suspect-classification test.

Question 10

With regard to affirmative action,the Supreme Court in recent years has

Accepted Answer

A) moved to outlaw it. 
B) moved to narrow its application. 
C) asked Congress to clarify the policy. 
D) asked the president to clarify the policy. 
E) asked the state legislatures to clarify the policy.

Question 11

The Supreme Court's ruling in the Swann case on busing differed from the Brown decision in that Swann

Accepted Answer

A) addressed the problem of de facto discrimination. 
B) applied to many northern communities in addition to communities in the South. 
C) sanctioned the use of busing in desegregation. 
D) dealt specifically with the issue of busing. 
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

The policy of affirmative action arose when

Accepted Answer

A) it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment through the 1964 Civil Rights Act alone or through individual lawsuits. 
B) the Supreme Court declared in Bakke that the Fourteenth Amendment requires government and large firms to hire more women and minorities. 
C) the Supreme Court ruled that de facto discrimination is unlawful. 
D) private firms decided on their own that a more diverse workforce was actually a more productive and effective workforce. 
E) the Supreme Court rendered its Adarand v.Peña decision in 1995.

Question 13

The first large and well-organized attempt to promote women's rights came in 1848 in

Accepted Answer

A) Boston,Massachusetts. 
B) San Francisco,California. 
C) Minneapolis,Minnesota. 
D) Seneca Falls,New York. 
E) Madison,Wisconsin.

Question 14

Discuss the racial problems addressed by the Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.What provisions of the Constitution provided the basis for each of these policy decisions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the racial problems addressed by the...

Question 15

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to identify with the Democratic Party?

Accepted Answer

A) Hispanics 
B) African Americans 
C) white women 
D) white southerners 
E) white northerners

Question 16

What was politically significant about Geraldine Ferraro in 1984?

Accepted Answer

A) She became the first woman to be elected governor of a state. 
B) She became the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party. 
C) She became the first woman to serve as attorney general of the United States. 
D) She was the first woman to hold the top position in the U.S.House of Representatives. 
E) She was the first person to hold the top position in the U.S.Senate.

Question 17

Which country has the highest proportion of women serving in its national legislatures?

Accepted Answer

A) Sweden 
B) United States 
C) Japan 
D) Germany 
E) Canada

Question 18

The 2013 Supreme Court decision Shelby County v.Holder interpreting the Voting Rights Act

Accepted Answer

A) declared the entire Voting Rights Act unconstitutional. 
B) was a victory for the Obama administration in general and Attorney General Eric Holder in particular. 
C) argued that Congress had set standards for federal oversight that were no longer relevant. 
D) requires states be more diligent in ensuring that minorities have full voting rights. 
E) was all the more emphatic because it had a unanimous 9-0 vote.

Question 19

Today,women currently hold about ________ of the seats in the House of Representatives.

Accepted Answer

A) 7 percent 
B) 19 percent 
C) 28 percent 
D) 37 percent 
E) 49 percent

Question 20

What is affirmative action? What is the Supreme Court's general position on affirmative action?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is affirmative action? What is the...

Exam 5: Equal Rights: Struggling Toward Fairness