Question 1

The nurse is preparing to administer a first dose of benztropine (Cogentin) to a patient diagnosed with parkinsonism. The nurse would notify the patient's provider if the patient had a history of which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Asthma
B)   Glaucoma
C)   Hypertension
D)   Irritable bowel disease B

Question 2

Which antiviral medication improves symptoms of Parkinson disease in some patients?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acyclovir (Zovirax) 
B)   Amantadine HCl (Symmetrel) 
C)   Interferon (INF) 
D)   Zanamivir (Relenza)  B

Question 3

A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer disease from that of Parkinson disease. Which description is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alzheimer disease involves a possible excess of acetylcholine and neuritic plaques.
B)   Alzheimer disease is caused by decreased amounts of dopamine and degeneration of cholinergic neurons.
C)   Parkinson disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine.
D)   Parkinson disease involves increased dopamine production and decreased acetylcholine. C

Question 4

A patient is taking entacapone (Comtan) along with carbidopa-levodopa to treat parkinsonism. The nurse notes that the patient's urine is orange in color. The nurse will

Accepted Answer

A)   notify the provider of possible drug toxicity.
B)   reassure the patent that this is a harmless side effect.
C)   request an order for liver function tests.
D)   request an order for a urinalysis.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old patient who has Alzheimer disease who will begin taking rivastigmine (Exelon). What will the nurse include in the plan of care for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)   Administer the drug once daily.
B)   Assist the patient to stand and walk.
C)   Give the drug with food to increase absorption.
D)   Use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)  instead of acetaminophen for pain.

Question 6

A patient who has Parkinson disease is being treated with the anticholinergic medication benztropine (Cogentin). The nurse will tell the patient that this drug will have which effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Helping the patient to walk faster
B)   Improving mental function
C)   Minimizing symptoms of bradykinesia
D)   Improve tremors

Question 7

The spouse of a patient newly diagnosed with mild, unilateral symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) asks the nurse what, besides medication, can be done to manage the disease. The nurse will do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   counsel the spouse that parkinsonism is a normal part of the aging process in some people.
B)   recommend exercise, nutritional counseling, and group support to help manage the disease.
C)   tell the spouse that the disease will not progress if mild symptoms are treated early.
D)   tell the spouse that medication therapy can be curative if drugs are begun in time.

Question 8

The nurse is providing teaching for the family of a patient who has been newly diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD). Which statement by the family member indicates understanding of the teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive condition."
B)   "Alzheimer disease affects memory but not personality."
C)   "The onset of Alzheimer disease is usually between 65 and 75 years."
D)   "With proper treatment, symptoms of this disease can be arrested."

Question 9

The nurse is teaching a family member about an elderly parent's new prescription for tacrine (Cognex) to treat Alzheimer disease (AD). The family member asks what to expect from this drug. The nurse will respond that the patient will

Accepted Answer

A)   demonstrate improved ambulation.
B)   have reversal of all symptoms.
C)   have decreased deterioration of cognition.
D)   show improved communication ability.

Question 10

An older patient exhibits a shuffling gait, lack of facial expression, and tremors at rest. The nurse will expect the provider to order which medication for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) 
B)   Donepezil (Aricept) 
C)   Rivastigmine (Exelon) 
D)   Tacrine (Cognex)

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a patient who has Parkinson disease about the side effects of carbidopa-levodopa. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)   "I may experience nausea, vomiting, and dyskinesia."
B)   "I may feel dizzy at first, but this side effect will go away with time."
C)   "I should report nightmares and mental disturbances to my provider."
D)   "I should take the drug with food to increase absorption."

Question 12

The nurse is helping to develop a plan of care for a patient who has advanced Alzheimer disease. The patient will be taking a new medication. Which is a realistic goal for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)   Demonstrate improved cognitive function
B)   Exhibit improved ability to provide self-care
C)   Receive appropriate assistance for care needs
D)   Show improved memory for recent events

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving trihexyphenidyl (Artane) to treat parkinsonism. The patient reports having a dry mouth, and the nurse notes a urine output of 300 mL in the past 8 hours. Which action will the nurse perform?

Accepted Answer

A)   Encourage increased oral fluids.
B)   Obtain an order for intravenous fluids.
C)   Report the urine output to the provider.
D)   Request an order for renal function tests.

Question 14

A nursing student asks the nurse why patients who have parkinsonism receive a combination of carbidopa and levodopa. The nurse will explain that the combination product:

Accepted Answer

A)   allows larger doses of levodopa to be given without causing increased adverse reactions.
B)   causes more levodopa to be converted to dopamine before crossing the blood-brain barrier.
C)   eliminates almost all drug side effects of both levodopa and carbidopa.
D)   reduces peripheral side effects by inhibiting dopa decarboxylase in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 15

A patient who has parkinsonism has been taking carbidopa-levodopa and has shown improvement in symptoms but develops dystonic movements, nausea, and vomiting. Which medication will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient to replace carbidopa-levodopa?

Accepted Answer

A)   Amantadine HCl (Symmetrel) 
B)   Benztropine (Cogentin) 
C)   Bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) 
D)   Tacrine (Cognex)

Question 16

A patient who has parkinsonism will begin taking selegiline HCl (Eldepryl) to treat symptoms. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this drug?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Avoid consuming foods that are high in tyramine."
B)   "This drug will prevent the need to take levodopa."
C)   "You may have red wine with dinner."
D)   "You will not have serious drug interactions with this drug."

Question 17

A patient who has parkinsonism will begin taking carbidopa-levodopa. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Call your health care provider immediately if your urine or perspiration turn a dark color."
B)   "Rise slowly from your bed or your chair to avoid dizziness and falls."
C)   "Take the drug with foods high in protein to improve drug delivery."
D)   "Discontinue the drug if you experience insomnia."

Exam 20: Drugs for Parkinson Disease and Alzheimer Disease