Question 1

An adult man lacking the hormone ________ would most likely exhibit a low sperm count and be infertile.

Accepted Answer

A)  LH 
B)  FSH 
C)  adrenaline 
D)  estrogen

Question 2

Marble bone disease is a disease in which bone increases in mass and becomes abnormally hard. This disorder is most likely caused by the inactivity of which part of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  hinge joints

Question 3

You have just eaten a candy bar and your blood glucose levels are rising. This will activate which organ of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  thyroid gland 
C)  thymus 
D)  parathyroid gland

Question 4

Unlike most steroid-based hormones, protein hormones will typically

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to receptors on the surface of target cells. 
B)  bind to receptors inside the target cells. 
C)  bind to receptors in the nucleus of target cells. 
D)  cause target cells to turn specific genes on and off.

Question 5

Mary is a long-distance runner and trains regularly. Recently, Mary and her husband have unsuccessfully tried to conceive a child. To improve her chances of getting pregnant, her doctor suggests she should stop training because excessive exercise may

Accepted Answer

A)  lengthen the menstruation cycle. 
B)  cause menstruation to cease. 
C)  lead to excessive levels of estrogen and progesterone. 
D)  increase fat deposition, thereby decreasing fertility.

Question 6

The myofibrils of skeletal muscle are organized into units called

Accepted Answer

A)  A discs. 
B)  sarcomeres. 
C)  Z discs. 
D)  antagonistic pairs.

Question 7

Cells that respond to a particular hormone are referred to as ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  glandular 
B)  target 
C)  receptive 
D)  endocrine

Question 8

How is it that antidiuretic hormone (ADH)only exerts its actions on a small set of cells within the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only kidney cells have receptors for ADH. 
B)  ADH does not encounter other body cells. 
C)  Special proteins attach to ADH to prevent its action. 
D)  ADH is made within the kidney, so it only acts locally.

Question 9

It takes much longer for sex hormones and other steroids to produce their effects than it takes nonsteroid hormones. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroids are bigger, slower molecules. 
B)  Steroids must usually be carried longer distances by the blood. 
C)  Steroids must relay their messages via relay molecules. 
D)  Steroids cause target cells to make new proteins, which takes time.

Question 10

A young person suffered a head injury that damaged her pituitary. As this person got older, she and her doctors found that the only thing that was unaffected by the injury was her

Accepted Answer

A)  growth. 
B)  menstrual cycle. 
C)  metabolic rate. 
D)  blood sugar level.

Question 11

If healthy men have a range of body fat from 3-29% and healthy women have a range of body fat from 12-32%, what would you predict for the sex of an individual having 20% body fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  The individual is male. 
B)  The individual is female. 
C)  The individual's sex can't be predicted from body fat percentage. 
D)  No one has 20% body fat.

Question 12

Beth has trained extensively to get ready for a big swimming event. She has developed her muscle mass to increase her strength so she can surpass those male competitors who have longer arms and legs than she does. To keep those muscles working in top form, she must supply them with enough oxygen to help them produce energy. Why does Beth have an additional physical obstacle to overcome before she can beat her male competitors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her heart and lungs are most likely smaller than her male competitors' and have to work harder. 
B)  Beth's athletic ability changes with her menstrual cycle. 
C)  No matter what Beth does, she will always be physically inferior to men. 
D)  If the swim event is an endurance race, her fat metabolism differences put her at a disadvantage.

Question 13

Suddenly, you find yourself in a situation in which someone is shooting live ammunition at you. Which of these hormones is likely to be one of the first secreted as a direct response to this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  LH 
B)  FSH 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  testosterone

Exam 20: Sex Differences and Athleticism: Endocrine Skeletal and Muscular Systems