Question 1

A nursery rhyme about girls and boys includes such phrases as "sugar and spice and everything nice" to describe girls,and "snips and snails and puppy dog tails" to describe boys.This is an example of the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  strategic essentialist 
B)  differences 
C)  similarities 
D)  gender essentialist

Question 2

On tests of general intelligence,women and men tend to score

Accepted Answer

A)  similarly. 
B)  significantly differently. 
C)  slightly differently. 
D)  equally.

Question 3

Feminist researchers recommend asking ________ questions to take into account the __________ of gender research.

Accepted Answer

A)  two;duality 
B)  four;complexity 
C)  five;complexity 
D)  six;diversity

Question 4

Researchers have found the greatest gender differences in aggression reflected in

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report measures. 
B)  observational studies. 
C)  peer-report data. 
D)  correlational data.

Question 5

Research on Carol Gilligan's original theory on morality and helping has not supported her argument that women and men are fundamentally different in their sense of morality.Gilligan argued that women base their judgements of morality on an ethic of care,whereas men base theirs on an ethic of justice.What does this mean for women and men when making moral judgements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women and men have fundamentally different approaches to helping. 
B)  Women and men both prefer not to help when possible. 
C)  Women and men base their morality on cultural socialization. 
D)  Women and men use reasoning based on both justice and care.

Question 6

When researchers say women generally have higher verbal abilities than men,it is important to remember that

Accepted Answer

A)  women are naturally better at verbal tasks,so the gender comparison is unfair. 
B)  assessments may be biased in favor of women,meaning new measures should be developed. 
C)  the difference is relatively small,meaning there is more similarity than difference. 
D)  women also perform better on memory tasks.

Question 7

Explain why gender essentialism is problematic for achieving gender equality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why gender essentialism is problematic for...

Question 8

Explain how books like Men Are from Mars,Women Are from Venus reinforce gender differences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how books like Men Are from...

Question 9

Mateus and Evelyn are arguing over who is smarter: Women or men.Mateus points to mental rotation tasks,citing large effect sizes in favor of men.Evelyn counterargues with academic achievement and by pointing out that girls and women tend to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  work harder,so they learn more 
B)  acknowledge their limitations on mental rotation so they focus on humanities courses 
C)  focus on subjects they are naturally good at,like English,where their verbal abilities are superior to men's 
D)  receive higher grades than boys and men at all grade levels and across subjects

Question 10

Jamila conducts a meta-analysis to analyze results from hundreds of studies on gender and intelligence.She finds no significant gender differences and decides to discard this work,so that she can focus on research that does identify significant differences.Jamila's decision to not publish her work on nonsignificant findings is known as the _____ problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender similarities 
B)  file drawer 
C)  gender differences 
D)  "using the wrong statistics"

Question 11

Imagine you are a university administrator who is trying to improve participation rates for women in STEM.You have heard that Harvey Mudd College has made significant strides in participation rates,so you review their policy changes.Based on Harvey Mudd's success,what are some programs you would want to implement?

Accepted Answer

A)  providing focus groups for women to figure out why they aren't more ambitious 
B)  inviting women to sign up for STEM courses 
C)  promoting women to leadership positions 
D)  training programs to teach women to be more assertive in the workplace

Question 12

Marco and Evelyn are arguing over who is smarter: Women or men.Marco points to mental rotation tasks and Evelyn counterargues about academic achievement.Describe the findings that Marco and Evelyn would cite to justify their positions about who is smarter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marco and Evelyn are arguing over who...

Question 13

Vicki,a senior in high school,is a great mathematician who has experienced some challenges because of her physical disability,which requires she always use a wheelchair.Vicki intends to pursue a bachelor's degree in math and hopes to go on to pursue a doctorate.What kind of advice is Vicki likely to get from her academic counselor when she starts planning to apply to colleges?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her counselor will encourage her to pursue a degree in math. 
B)  Her counselor will encourage her to research colleges to ensure they are accessible to students with disabilities. 
C)  Her counselor will encourage her to pursue other STEM fields. 
D)  Her counselor will encourage her to pursue a non-STEM academic track.

Question 14

A counter evolutionary argument to the sexual strategies theory is the ___________________,which asserts that a man may do better by mating with and remaining monogamous to one woman to ensure the survival of his offspring.

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment fertility theory 
B)  differential parental investment theory 
C)  paternity uncertainty idea 
D)  social role theory

Question 15

Taina and Sean are debating whether men are naturally more aggressive than women.Explain how research on the Big Five would support the belief that men are more aggressive,and how observed behavior would support the possibility that women can be as aggressive as men.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taina and Sean are debating whether men...

Question 16

During a company meeting,the vice presidents,Ms.Shah and Mr.Jost,report a rapid decline in profits over the last year.Ms.Shah raises her voice and pounds her fist on the desk in frustration about the company's leadership not heeding her warning about problematic company practices.Mr.Jost also raises his voice and slams his files on the table in frustration about unreasonable demands placed on the workers.Explain how the employees attending this meeting likely to interpret Ms.Shah's and
Mr.Jost's emotional responses to declining profits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During a company meeting,the vice presidents,Ms.Shah and...

Question 17

It is important to review overlaps of scores to fully interpret the extent of the reported difference when interpreting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  variability 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  effect size 
D)  gender differences

Question 18

How researchers ask questions on sexual behavior matters,as demonstrated by the research findings that women and men may answer more ______________ if they think their answers are _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dishonestly;monitored by a lie detector 
B)  honestly;monitored by a lie detector 
C)  honestly;perceived positively 
D)  dishonestly;perceived positively

Question 19

The gender stratification hypothesis suggests that differences found between women and men on intelligence test scores are

Accepted Answer

A)  justification for men's dominance in any society. 
B)  a result of women's lack of interest in math and science. 
C)  related to the level of gender equality in a country. 
D)  biased test questions that favor men.

Question 20

General findings on self-esteem indicate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Data do not support the common stereotype that young women lose self-esteem as they reach adolescence. 
B)  Adolescent girls show a significant difference in self-esteem compared to adolescent boys. 
C)  The book Reviving Ophelia captures the true story on the crisis in girls' self-esteem. 
D)  Effect sizes are large for differences in self-esteem between girls and boys.

Exam 3: Similarities and Differences