Question 1

Tim has asked Robin to marry him. Robin isn't sure whether she loves him enough or whether she loves him in the right way. She talks with her sister about all the reasons why it would be wise to marry Tim, and all the reasons why it wouldn't be such a great idea. According to Wilson's theory of reasons-generated attitude change, Robin might regret it were she to base her decision on the reasons she mentioned. Why is that?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her sister will unconsciously reinforce some reasons and punish others. 
B)  Reasons Robin generates during the conversation won't predict her long-term attitudes and feelings very well. 
C)  Such objective, dispassionate verbal reports will counteract the passionate feelings she has for Tim. 
D)  People often fall prey to post-decision regret, due to their need to justify their decisions.

Question 2

Misattribution of arousal can best be defined as the process by which people make

Accepted Answer

A)  mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel as they do. 
B)  poor choices when faced with a difficult decision. 
C)  inferences about their own emotions through introspection. 
D)  correct assumptions about threatening aspects of their situation.

Question 3

Charles is motivated to see himself accurately. What kind of social comparison is he most likely to make?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will make an upward comparison. 
B)  He will make a downward comparison. 
C)  He will compare himself to people with a similar background to his own. 
D)  He will not use social comparison; rather, he will use introspection.

Question 4

If you are experiencing physiological arousal (heart pounding, feeling warm and a bit shaky), according to the two-factor theory of emotion, what would you do next to provide an interpretation of the arousal?

Accepted Answer

A)  look for cues from the environment 
B)  introspect 
C)  use self-awareness 
D)  recall the last time you consumed caffeine

Question 5

According to the self-regulatory resource model, ________ requires energy, and spending it on one task limits the amount that can be spent on other things.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-control 
B)  concentration 
C)  attention 
D)  stereotypes

Question 6

If you were to hold up a mirror or see yourself in a video you would have a similar experience to the normal experience of East Asians who do this on a regular basis. What would you have for a moment?

Accepted Answer

A)  outsider perceptive of the self 
B)  insider perceptive of the self 
C)  relational interdependence 
D)  collective interdependence

Question 7

The two factors necessary to experience an emotion according to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion are

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological arousal and motivation. 
B)  physiological arousal and appropriate explanation. 
C)  physiological arousal and psychological arousal. 
D)  psychological interest and ability.

Question 8

Imagine that you are a participant in the experiment conducted by Schachter and Singer (1962). You were injected with a vitamin compound called Suproxin and told that you might experience an increased heart rate, hand tremors, and sweaty palms. Further imagine that while completing a questionnaire, the person in the room with you begins to act angry, tears up the questionnaire, and storms from the room. You are likely to ________ because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore this situational cue; you know the source of your arousal 
B)  become angry, too; situational cues have helped you label your arousal 
C)  remain calm; to become angry would cause cognitive dissonance 
D)  ignore the source of your arousal; the situation was so powerful

Question 9

Self-handicapping helps individuals make ________ attributions for their performance.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  dispositional 
D)  extrinsic

Question 10

According to self-awareness theory, under which of the following circumstances would an individual be most highly motivated to avoid self-awareness?

Accepted Answer

A)  after giving a successful presentation 
B)  while reading an engaging novel 
C)  directly after receiving a low grade on an important test 
D)  while helping a friend with her homework

Question 11

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam. She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her, and he accepts enthusiastically. Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Accepted Answer

A)  She has just walked in the door after going for a long run, and knows that she is still aroused from the exercise. 
B)  She had taken some allergy medicine that, unknown to her, causes mild arousal. 
C)  She had taken some allergy medicine that she knows causes mild arousal. 
D)  She had taken some allergy medicine that, unknown to her, causes relaxation and sleepiness.

Question 12

If you are using the misattribution of arousal principle to plan a first date and you really want your partner to be attracted to you, which of the following activities would you choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  ride the roller coasters at an amusement park 
B)  get tickets to see a slow-moving art film 
C)  go out for coffee and make sure your date orders decaf 
D)  have a nice meal and wine at a quiet, dimly lit restaurant

Question 13

Based on information presented in the textbook , what childhood activities foster development of collective interdependence for males?

Accepted Answer

A)  gardening with a parent 
B)  playing dolls with a friend 
C)  music lessons with a teacher 
D)  camping with a scout troop

Question 14

Armand is very obsessed with his own death. He's worried about what he eats, the car he drives, whether he's going to be struck by lightning, etc. According to terror management theory, Armand likely

Accepted Answer

A)  doesn't have good impression management skills 
B)  is self-handicapping 
C)  is using the overadjustment effect 
D)  has low self-esteem

Question 15

Complete the following analogy. Insider perspective of the self: ________ : : ________: public.

Accepted Answer

A)  private; outsider perspective of the self 
B)  public; outsider perspective of the self 
C)  extrinsic; intrinsic 
D)  intrinsic; extrinsic

Question 16

Recall that Dutton and Aron (1974) had an attractive confederate approach men either on a high, narrow, swaying suspension bridge, or else on the other side of the bridge where they were sitting. More men called the woman after she approached them on the scary bridge. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men appraised the confederate as attractive before they became aroused. 
B)  Men misattributed their fear as sexual attraction. 
C)  Only men with high self-esteem would attempt to cross the bridge. 
D)  Men on the bridge were more likely to have broken up with their romantic partners.

Question 17

From the perspective of self-awareness theory, alcohol abuse, binge eating, and suicide are alike in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  enable people who feel guilty to punish themselves. 
B)  are more likely to be done by people with interdependent self-concepts. 
C)  are coping mechanisms used by people with low self-esteem. 
D)  provide temporary or permanent relief from unpleasant self-awareness.

Question 18

Researchers briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads. When they awoke and looked in the mirror, the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was. These findings suggest that chimps

Accepted Answer

A)  develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans. 
B)  have a complex, multifaceted sense of self. 
C)  are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem. 
D)  possess a self-concept much like a human's.

Question 19

Terror management is most like which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive attributions 
B)  collective interdependence 
C)  extrinsic motivation 
D)  causal theories

Question 20

________ theory posits that when our attitudes or feelings are ambiguous, we infer our internal states by observing our own behaviors and the situation in which they occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  Impression management 
B)  Introspection 
C)  Self-perception 
D)  Self-enhancement

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context