Question 1

Recall that Sherif and his colleagues (1961) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate. To do this, the researchers first ________ and then ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  created out-group cohesiveness; initiated competitive games 
B)  created in-group cohesiveness; set up a series of competitive situations 
C)  created minimal groups; generated frustration by taking away desired objects 
D)  set up a series of competitive situations; created in-group cohesiveness

Question 2

Which of the following examples best captures the social-psychological concept of a stereotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arlene refuses to enter an elevator in which men are riding. 
B)  Mitch believes that women are seductive, duplicitous, and not to be trusted. 
C)  Aaron becomes uncomfortable when a man sits too close to him. 
D)  Nicole avoids homeless people on the street.

Question 3

Research by Deutsch and Collins(1951) suggests that when residents of a segregated versus racially integrated housing project were surveyed after living there for several months, people who had lived in the integrated environment tended to

Accepted Answer

A)  feel more prejudice than they had before. 
B)  feel less prejudice than they had before. 
C)  express less prejudice, but still feel it very strongly. 
D)  commit more discriminatory acts.

Question 4

________ is to affect as ________ is to cognition.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stereotype; prejudice 
B)  Discrimination; stereotype 
C)  Prejudice; discrimination 
D)  Prejudice; stereotype

Question 5

In what way is scapegoating different from realistic conflict as a source of prejudice, discrimination, and inter-group conflict?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what way is scapegoating different from...

Question 6

Describe what is meant by the terms benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. Then, give an example of each of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is meant by the terms...

Question 7

Researchers found that when southerners joined the armed forces and were exposed to less prejudiced norms, they gradually grew less prejudiced themselves. Both of these studied demonstrate one way to study the power of normative pressures: track prejudice and discrimination over time. The studies find that as ________ change, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  norms; people become less prejudiced 
B)  economic conditions change; people become less prejudiced 
C)  economic conditions improve; prejudice declines 
D)  norms; conformity pressures change attitudes

Question 8

In a study by Stone and his colleagues (1999), when Caucasian and African-American participants played a game of miniature golf, the Caucasian participants outperformed African Americans when the game was framed as ________, but African-American participants outperformed Caucasian participants when the game was framed as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Scottish in origin; Egyptian in origin 
B)  a measure of natural athleticism; a measure of sports intelligence 
C)  being mentally challenging; a test of hand-eye coordination 
D)  a measure of sports intelligence; a measure of natural athleticism

Question 9

Modern racism is ________ than "traditional" prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A)  more blatant 
B)  more indirect 
C)  more explicit 
D)  less serious

Question 10

You don't know very many people with visible tattoos, but you happen to observe that when fights break out, they seem to involve people with tattoos. You draw the conclusion that there must be an association between having tattoos and being prone to aggression. This conclusion reflects a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  subliminal prime of stereotypic information. 
B)  automatic activation of your stereotype. 
C)  artificial association. 
D)  illusory correlation.

Question 11

The idea that prejudice can be reduced by interacting with members of an out-group is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  interactional theory. 
B)  mere exposure paradigm. 
C)  contact hypothesis. 
D)  interpersonal model.

Question 12

Recall that Sherif and his colleagues (1951) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Once in-group cohesiveness was established, they set up a series of competitive situations such as tug-of-war and other competitive games. Conflict between the two groups escalated. Sherif and his colleagues were only successful in reducing conflict and hostility when

Accepted Answer

A)  they brought the groups together in neutral situations. 
B)  leaders endorsed a truce between the two rival groups. 
C)  they constructed situations that fostered mutual interdependence. 
D)  groups were punished for behaving with hostility.

Question 13

Tina's dad is a benevolent sexist. He's most likely to approve of which of the following as Tina's choice of major?

Accepted Answer

A)  Law. He's looking forward to her becoming a defense attorney. 
B)  Art. He wants her to continue making the world beautiful. 
C)  Chemistry. He would like for her to use her talents to make an incredible amount of money. 
D)  Criminal justice. He wants her to be the first female chief of police of their town.

Question 14

Informational attempts to "re-educate" prejudiced people have proved ineffective in large part because

Accepted Answer

A)  prejudice is an inevitable part of our sociobiological heritage. 
B)  there is a powerful emotional component to prejudice. 
C)  stereotypes are a product of erroneous information. 
D)  it is difficult to influence or control economic forces.

Question 15

According to the research by Aronson and his colleagues (2006) on overcoming stereotype threat, which of the following would help a female taking a math exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  Don't worry. You're pretty; you'll do fine in life. 
B)  You are a good student in a selective major. 
C)  People here in Texas are good at this. 
D)  Use those gifts that you have been given.

Question 16

Which of the following groups of people is not protected by national laws banning discrimination in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

A)  women 
B)  homosexuals 
C)  ethnic minorities 
D)  people with disabilities

Question 17

According to your text, prejudice can be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  belief. 
D)  estimation.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false? Hostility between two groups can be reduced by

Accepted Answer

A)  having the two groups work together to achieve a common goal. 
B)  making sure that the two groups are of equal status. 
C)  having the groups interact in a formal setting with each group occupying half of the room. 
D)  making sure that it is clear that norms favor equality.

Question 19

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution about an entire group of people is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error. 
B)  ultimate attribution error. 
C)  out-group homogeneity bias. 
D)  actor/observer effect.

Question 20

Keep in mind Gordon Allport's (1954) description of stereotyping as "the law of least effort." From Allport's perspective, people are often

Accepted Answer

A)  motivated tacticians. 
B)  cognitive misers. 
C)  prone to scapegoating. 
D)  lay scientists.

Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Recall that Sherif and his colleagues (1961) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate. To do this, the researchers first and then .