Question 1

Continuous venovenous hemodialysis is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove fluids and solutes through the process of convection. 
B)  remove plasma water in cases of volume overload. 
C)  remove plasma water and solutes by adding dialysate. 
D)  combine ultrafiltration, convection and dialysis

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone major abdominal surgery.The nurse notices that the patient's urine output has been less than 20 mL/hour for the past 2 hours.The patient's blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg,and the pulse is 110 beats/min.Previously,the pulse was 90 beats/min with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg.The nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  contact the provider and expect a prescription for a normal saline bolus. 
B)  wait until the provider makes rounds to report the assessment findings. 
C)  continue to evaluate urine output for 2 more hours. 
D)  ignore the urine output, as this is most likely postrenal in origin.

Question 3

Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by

Accepted Answer

A)  activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade. 
B)  suppressing angiotensin production. 
C)  decreasing sodium reabsorption. 
D)  inhibiting aldosterone release.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who was admitted with renal insufficiency.An expected laboratory finding for this patient may be

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). 
B)  a normal serum creatinine level. 
C)  increased ability to excrete drugs. 
D)  hypokalemia.

Question 5

The patient is admitted with complaints of general malaise and fatigue,along with a decreased urinary output.The patient's urinalysis shows coarse,muddy brown granular casts and hematuria.The nurse determines that the patient has:

Accepted Answer

A)  acute kidney injury from a prerenal condition. 
B)  acute kidney injury from postrenal obstruction. 
C)  intrarenal disease, probably acute tubular necrosis. 
D)  a urinary tract infection.

Question 6

The patient has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)and serum creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio.These levels most likely indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  increased nitrogen intake. 
B)  acute kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN). 
C)  hypovolemia. 
D)  fluid resuscitation.

Question 7

The removal of plasma water and some low-molecular weight particles by using a pressure or osmotic gradient is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  dialysis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  clearance. 
D)  ultrafiltration.

Question 8

The patient is getting hemodialysis for the second time when he complains of a headache and nausea and,a little later,of becoming confused.The nurse realizes these are symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  dialyzer membrane incompatibility. 
B)  a shift in potassium levels. 
C)  dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. 
D)  hypothermia.

Question 9

The patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury and has been getting dialysis 3 days per week.The patient complains of general malaise and is tachypneic.An arterial blood gas shows that the patient's pH is 7.19,with a PCO2 of 30 mm Hg and a bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L.The nurse prepares to

Accepted Answer

A)  administer morphine to slow the respiratory rate. 
B)  prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation. 
C)  administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate. 
D)  cancel tomorrow's dialysis session.

Question 10

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove fluids and solutes through the process of convection. 
B)  remove plasma water in cases of volume overload. 
C)  remove plasma water and solutes by adding dialysate. 
D)  combine ultrafiltration, convection, and dialysis.

Exam 16: Acute Kidney Injury