Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a type IV autoimmune response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) pemphigus vulgaris 
B) autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura 
C) subacute bacterial endocarditis 
D) type 1 diabetes 
E) multiple sclerosis.

Question 2

With the exception of ______,these autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women than in men.

Accepted Answer

A) rheumatoid arthritis 
B) multiple sclerosis 
C) ankylosing spondylitis 
D) Sjögren's syndrome 
E) Graves' disease.

Question 3

_____ autoantibodies enhance receptor function.

Accepted Answer

A) neutralizing 
B) opsonizing 
C) agonist 
D) complement-fixing 
E) antagonist.

Question 4

Seventeen-year-old Lisa Montague practiced piano for 3-4 hours each day while preparing for music college auditions.Some of her pieces required sustained arm-muscle activity and she began to find them hard to play,even though she had previously played them easily.When she also started to have difficulty swallowing and chewing,she told her mother,who took her to the emergency room,where the physician noticed drooping eyelids and limitation of ocular motility.An electromyogram detected impaired nerve-to-muscle transmission.Administration of pyridostigmine rapidly improved Lisa's symptoms.Which of the following blood-test results would be most consistent with her condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated rheumatoid factor 
B)  elevated anti-myelin basic protein antibodies 
C)  elevated anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies 
D)  elevated anti-nuclear antibodies 
E)  elevated anti-Rh antibodies.

Question 5

In the context of autoimmunity: (A)define molecular mimicry; and (B)provide an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of autoimmunity: (A)define molecular...

Question 6

A.What mechanism of self-tolerance is broken in the autoimmune syndrome APECED?
B.What is the underlying genetic defect in APECED? Explain why it leads to a reduction in self-tolerance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A.What mechanism of self-tolerance is broken in...

Question 7

Deficiency in the production of AIRE results in _____.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) normal expression of tissue-specific proteins in the bone marrow and thymus 
B) incomplete negative selection of developing T cells 
C) the development of autoimmune B-cell and T-cell responses against endocrine glands and other tissues 
D) death in infancy 
E) the development of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECE
D) .

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: type II
type IV
type III
type I

Accepted Answer

The Answer of deposition of soluble immune complexes in tissues is...

Question 9

All of the following are true regarding thyroglobulin except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) its tyrosine residues are iodinated and cross-linked 
B) it is broken down to produce thyroid hormones 
C) it is stored in follicles of the thyroid 
D) it signals the pituitary gland to stop releasing thyroid-stimulating hormone 
E) it is synthesized initially as a glycoprotein by thyroid epithelial cells.

Question 10

Chronic diseases in which the immune response is targeted toward autologous entities of one's body are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A) hypersensitivity reactions 
B) innate immune reactions 
C) allergic reactions 
D) autoimmune diseases 
E) anergic reactions.

Question 11

A.Which patients affected by Goodpasture's syndrome also succumb to pulmonary hemorrhage?
B.Explain the reason for this complication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A.Which patients affected by Goodpasture's syndrome also...

Question 12

_____ is the term used to describe how pathogen antigens resemble host antigens and can sometimes trigger autoimmune disease.

Accepted Answer

A) intramolecular epitope spreading 
B) molecular mimicry 
C) intermolecular epitope spreading 
D) sympathetic senescence 
E) linkage equilibrium.

Question 13

Describe two different ways in which infection with bacteria or viruses compromises T-cell tolerance,leading to the production of effector T cells specific for self antigens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two different ways in which infection...

Question 14

If autoantibodies of the IgG or IgM isotype were produced with specificity for components found on the surface of erythrocytes,which of the following would occur? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) formation of membrane-attack complex 
B) immune-complex deposition in renal glomeruli 
C) anemia 
D) hypothyroidism 
E) receptor-mediated phagoytosis via Fc receptors on phagocytes.

Question 15

Explain the mechanism that gives rise to a broadening B-cell response during the course of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the mechanism that gives rise to...

Question 16

A recent therapy developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis includes the use of _____ monoclonal antibodies that suppress the autoimmune response.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) anti-TNF-α 
B) anti-C-reactive protein 
C) anti-CD20 
D) anti-rheumatoid factor 
E) anti-CD3.

Question 17

Explain why splenectomy is sometimes carried out in patients with persistent type II autoimmune diseases that affect leukocytes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why splenectomy is sometimes carried out...

Question 18

A(n)_____ binds to the antigen-binding site of another antibody.

Accepted Answer

A) cryptic epitope 
B) anti-idiotypic antibody 
C) molecular mimic 
D) receptor antagonist 
E) autoantibody.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a type III autoimmune response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) mixed essential cryoglobulinemia 
B) acute thrombocytopenia purpura 
C) systemic lupus erythematosus 
D) rheumatoid arthritis 
E) insulin-resistant diabetes.

Question 20

Individuals who have two defective alleles of the AIRE gene _____.

Accepted Answer

A) exhibit symptoms of autoimmunity at a young age 
B) are unable to activate regulatory T cells 
C) exhibit decreased predisposition to autoimmune disease 
D) are very effective at inducing anergy of circulating autoreactive B and T cells 
E) are more likely to be women of African or Asian origin.

Exam 16: Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response