Question 1

A fellow student is consistently late for class.You assume this is because he is lazy and disorganized.What type of attribution are you making in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a motivational attribution
B)  a dispositional attribution
C)  a situational attribution
D)  an illusory attribution B

Question 2

In a study conducted by Lassiter et al.(2005,2007)and Lassiter and Irvine (1986),participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview.The results indicated that the participants were likely to perceive the confession as coerced when:

Accepted Answer

A)  live.
B)  viewing through a two-way mirror.
C)  the camera was focused on the suspect.
D)  the camera was focused on the detective. D

Question 3

Yvette gets a B in her psychology exam.She tells her friend,"If I had put in a little more effort,I could have scored an A in the test." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit thinking.
B)  explicit thinking.
C)  counterfactual thinking.
D)  the fundamental attribution error. C

Question 4

Provide examples of both the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide examples of both the availability heuristic...

Question 5

Joanna watches a thriller movie Saw II.At 2:00 A.m. ,she hears a scratching sound on her window.Instead of realizing that the sound is caused by a tree branch,she assumes that a serial killer is trying to break in.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  priming.
B)  attribution.
C)  automatic processing.
D)  controlled processing.

Question 6

You walk into a classroom.You notice two people standing by the lectern at the front of the classroom: a middle-aged man and a young woman.You assume that the man is an instructor and the woman is a student because most of your professors are old.This is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic.
B)  representativeness heuristic.
C)  overconfidence phenomenon.
D)  confirmation bias.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about moods and judgments is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unhappy people are as loving as happy ones.
B)  Depressed people avoid self-focusing.
C)  One's judgments are independent of one's moods.
D)  Moods pervade one's thinking.

Question 8

A researcher tells the participants of his study that risk-prone people make better firefighters than cautious people by showing some anecdotal evidence.Then,he asks the participants to explain why risk-prone people make better firefighters.Finally,he establishes that cautious people are better firefighters with the help of scientific evidence and informs the participants that the anecdote was made up for the study.In the context of belief perseverance,the participants of this study are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  change their original view and acknowledge that cautious people make better firefighters.
B)  believe that both risk-prone and cautious people are likely to be equally good as firefighters.
C)  be confused whether risk-prone or cautious people make better firefighters.
D)  continue to believe that risk-prone people make better fighters.

Question 9

In a study conducted by Ridge and Reber (2002),men had to interview women for a teaching assistant position.The men were told that job candidates were either attracted to them or not attracted.The findings revealed that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  men were likely to hire the female applicants.
B)  men were likely to perceive the women as being attractive.
C)  women perceived the men as being attracted to them.
D)  applicants believed to feel an attraction exhibited flirtatiousness.

Question 10

A belief that leads to its own accomplishment is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)  a belief confirmation.
C)  self-confirming validity.
D)  behavioral perseverance.

Question 11

Despite reading numerous research studies that associate fast food consumption with heart disease and diabetes,Rachel continues eating fast food and considers it harmless.Rachel's thinking is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  belief assimilation.
B)  belief consolidation.
C)  belief perseverance.
D)  the operation of the availability heuristic.

Question 12

Which of the following is a thinking strategy that enables quick,efficient judgments?

Accepted Answer

A)  an implicit attitude
B)  an explicit attitude
C)  a heuristic
D)  a confirmation bias

Question 13

According to research done by Miller and his colleagues (1975),if you want young children to put trash in wastebaskets,you should repeatedly:

Accepted Answer

A)  tell them that they should be neat and tidy.
B)  congratulate them for being neat and tidy.
C)  punish them for not putting trash in wastebaskets.
D)  tell them that people who litter are bad.

Question 14

Murray and his colleagues (2003)found that,among married couples,the self-fulfilling prophecy occurred when one person interpreted slight hurts as rejections.The person who felt rejected was then motivated to:

Accepted Answer

A)  value his or her partner for his or her honesty.
B)  value his or her partner yet become distant from him or her.
C)  devalue his or her partner but try to become close to him or her.
D)  devalue his or her partner and become distant from him or her.

Question 15

Explain how misattribution can play a role in sexual harassment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how misattribution can play a role...

Question 16

One reason people are overconfident is that they are not inclined to seek out information:

Accepted Answer

A)  from experts.
B)  that is objective and factual.
C)  that involves judging estimates and comparisons.
D)  that might disprove what they believe.

Question 17

A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their presence in memory is called the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  availability
B)  representativeness
C)  vividness
D)  matching

Question 18

Which of the following exemplifies the statistical phenomenon of regression toward the average?

Accepted Answer

A)  Habid fails to qualify for a job and thinks of ways in which his life would have changed if he had qualified.
B)  Anaya believes that her best friend calls her whenever she thinks about him.
C)  Wen is extremely disciplined in his first year of college but starts behaving like other students in the years that follow.
D)  Malak is overconfident and tends to overestimate the accuracy of her beliefs.

Question 19

Mental concepts or templates that intuitively guide our perceptions and interpretations are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  schemas.
B)  hypotheses.
C)  ethics.
D)  theories.

Question 20

You attend a party where you do not know anyone but expect others to be friendly toward you.You greet people warmly.Your actions,in turn,lead other people to behave in a friendly manner with you.This situation can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  an illusory correlation.
B)  the representativeness heuristic.
C)  the availability heuristic.
D)  behavioral confirmation.

Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments