Question 1

The most bioavailable source of vitamin E is

Accepted Answer

A)  plant oil. 
B)  fish oil. 
C)  alpha-tocopherol supplements. 
D)  mixed-tocopherol supplements.

Question 2

Which of the following is a situation in which a person should consider vitamin D supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strict vegan diet 
B)  Allergy to milk protein 
C)  Kidney disease 
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 3

In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys. 
B)  intestine. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  liver.

Question 4

B vitamins have high _________________________ which means that, typically, about 50% to 90% of the B vitamins in the diet are absorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)  essentiality 
B)  bioavailability 
C)  utilization 
D)  metabolism

Question 5

The apparent role of _________________ in prevention of birth defects is similar to that of folate.

Accepted Answer

A)  manganese 
B)  molybdenum 
C)  choline 
D)  pantothenic acid

Question 6

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is especially important in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the synthesis of the heme portion of hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin C 
B)  Vitamin B-6 
C)  Thiamin 
D)  Riboflavin

Question 7

Which of the following is true about our current knowledge about vitamins?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are sure there are more vitamins to be discovered for humans. 
B)  We cannot effectively feed individuals intravenously for long periods of time because we do not know about all the vitamins that must be included. 
C)  Most scientists believe we have discovered all vitamins relevant to humans. 
D)  We know that there are more fat-soluble vitamins to discover.

Question 8

Vitamin E is thought to be helpful in the prevention of heart disease because it

Accepted Answer

A)  enhances vitamin K activity. 
B)  prevents oxidation of LDL cholesterol. 
C)  relaxes blood vessel walls. 
D)  prevents sodium retention.

Question 9

Which of the following is a good source of provitamin A?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orange 
B)  Apricot 
C)  Cauliflower 
D)  Potatoes

Question 10

Consistently consuming raw egg whites, as in a daily high-protein drink, can bind and result in deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  folate 
B)  vitamin B-6 
C)  pantothenic acid 
D)  biotin

Question 11

Anya is undergoing treatment for cancer and suffers from nausea and mouth sores, which are hindering her food intake. Which of the following meals would you recommend?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toast with jam, a soft-boiled egg, and milk 
B)  Pancakes, a hard boiled egg, and apple juice 
C)  Bacon, fried eggs, and orange juice 
D)  Spaghetti with meat sauce, garlic bread, and a soft drink

Question 12

Which of the following is converted to vitamin A in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retinol 
B)  Carotenoids 
C)  Cholesterol 
D)  Phenylalanine

Question 13

Vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12 are required for the metabolism of

Accepted Answer

A)  niacin. 
B)  homocysteine. 
C)  iron. 
D)  fatty acids.

Question 14

Bill's physician has prescribed an intake of 200 milligrams nicotinic acid (a form of niacin) to attempt to preserve his health. Which of the following is true about nicotinic acid consumption?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides no health benefits. 
B)  It has no toxic effects when consumed in high doses. 
C)  It can elevate serum triglycerides. 
D)  It can lower elevated serum cholesterol.

Question 15

Which of the following population groups has increased vitamin C requirements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vegetarians 
B)  Alcoholics 
C)  Older adults 
D)  Smokers

Question 16

Older adults may require a supplemental source of vitamin B-12 because

Accepted Answer

A)  low intake of vitamin C impairs vitamin B-12 absorption. 
B)  decreased production of intrinsic factor decreases vitamin B-12 absorption. 
C)  increased hydrochloric acid production decreases vitamin B-12 absorption. 
D)  high fiber intake binds vitamin B-12.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  As we age, we need more vitamin D and more kilocalories. 
B)  As we age, we need more vitamin D and fewer kilocalories. 
C)  As we age, we need less vitamin D and fewer kilocalories. 
D)  As we age, we need less vitamin D and more kilocalories.

Question 18

The following are some vitamin-like compounds found in our diets:

Accepted Answer

A)  quinone and ascorbic acid. 
B)  alpha-tocopheral, thiamin, and ribonucleic acid. 
C)  carnitine, inositol, taurine, and lipoic acid. 
D)  pyridoxine, cobalamin, and retinoic acid.

Question 19

A deficiency of vitamin B-6 can result in depression, headaches, and confusion. These occur because of impaired

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin synthesis. 
B)  glucose metabolism. 
C)  neurotransmitter synthesis. 
D)  myelin synthesis.

Question 20

High doses of vitamin D

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive acne. 
B)  calcium deposits in the kidneys and other organs. 
C)  limb paralysis. 
D)  a flaky skin rash.

Exam 8: Vitamins