Question 1

The experiment by Pinel on exploration as a function of Electroconvulsive Shock-learning interval used a multiple-condition design to

Accepted Answer

A)   rule out alternative hypotheses
B)   determine the shape of a function
C)   determine the effect of repeated ECS on the same rats
D)   None of these is true. B

Question 2

An independent variable always has at least two

Accepted Answer

A)   levels
B)   conditions
C)   factors
D)   all of these A

Question 3

Multiple-condition experiments are employed to

Accepted Answer

A)   compare more than one variable
B)   determine the shape of a function
C)   rule out more than one rival hypothesis
D)   All of these are true. D

Question 4

The experiment by Braun, Ellis, and Loftus 2002) on the effect of a Disney advertisement on memory for visiting a theme park was done between subjects because

Accepted Answer

A)   it would have taken too much time to run the same subjects in both conditions
B)   two condition experiments are always done between subjects
C)   if they experienced both conditions of the study they would no longer naive about the independent variable
D)   they were trying to rule out more than one alternative hypothesis

Question 5

Reverse counterbalancing involves which one of the following procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)   randomly assigning subjects to treatment blocks
B)   presenting each condition once before any condition is repeated
C)   presenting the condition in order the first time and then in reverse order
D)   presenting the conditions in reverse order the first time and then in order the next time.

Question 6

If productivity increased in a factory after all of its employees were switched to a work schedule consisting of four 10-hour days, should management really credit the schedule switch with the improvement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes
B)   Yes, but only if no workers had left the factory
C)   No. There are too many threats to validity to draw that conclusion
D)   No. You would need to conduct a survey to be sure.

Question 7

A drug and a placebo are compared for treating diabetes. A random half of the subjects receive the drug, while the other half receives the placebo. Blood glucose level is tested in all of the subjects several times a day. What type of design does this study represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   Single-factor within-subjects
B)   Single-factor between subjects
C)   One-group pretest-posttest
D)   Posttest-only design with nonequivalent control groups

Question 8

To determine the effect of counseling on the self-esteem of divorced women, a researcher measures the self-esteem of a group of women before and after they have received counseling and compares the before and after measurements. What type of design does this study represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   pretest-posttest control group design
B)   posttest only control group design
C)   one-group pretest-posttest design
D)   nonequivalent control group design

Question 9

The control condition in the experiment described in question 38 is

Accepted Answer

A)   the drug
B)   the placebo
C)   blood glucose level
D)   not present

Question 10

Which of the following is a true experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)   one group posttest-only
B)   posttest-only with nonequivalent control groups
C)   one group pretest-posttest
D)   two conditions tested within subjects

Question 11

Professor Johns is performing an experiment to test hypnosis as a treatment for smoking. He is trying to decide which type of experimental design will be appropriate for the study. Which would you suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)   He should use a non-experimental design
B)   He should use a within-subjects design
C)   He should use a between-subjects design, so that each subject can act as their own control
D)   He should use a between-subjects design because of carryover effects

Question 12

In a well-designed between-subjects experiment, the participants would

Accepted Answer

A)   Be assigned to conditions depending upon their gender
B)   Be randomly allocated to conditions
C)   Experience each condition at least once
D)   Take a pre-test prior to allocation to groups

Question 13

The conditions of a true experiment allow a researcher to infer

Accepted Answer

A)   Reliability
B)   Causality
C)   Validity
D)   Manipulation

Question 14

A doctor prescribes a new drug for a sick patient. The patient gets well. Should the doctor believe that the drug made the patient well?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes. This is a single-factor experiment.
B)   No. This represents a single-factor experiment
C)   No. There are too many threats to reliability to draw that conclusion
D)   No. There are too many threats to validity to draw that conclusion

Question 15

A research procedure in which the scientist has complete control over all aspects of the study is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   A quasi-experiment
B)   A survey
C)   A true experiment
D)   An archival study

Question 16

Participants in a within-subjects experiment are performing an odor identification task in which the smell of vinegar is presented at a particularly high concentration. The smell that follows the presentation of the vinegar is always poorly identified, regardless of which odorant it is. What should be a concern for this experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)   Order effects
B)   Sequence Effects
C)   Random allocation to groups
D)   Mortality

Question 17

Dr. Schreiber is performing a within-subjects visual search experiment, which is a little like a video game. People seem to get a good deal better at the task after about 10 practice trials. What should be a concern for his experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)   Order effects
B)   Sequence Effects
C)   Random allocation to groups
D)   Mortality

Question 18

The one-group posttest-only design should be avoided because

Accepted Answer

A)   All experimental designs have to have more than one group
B)   There are many uncontrolled threats to validity
C)   It produces unreliable results
D)   It will not be possible to code the data

Question 19

A researcher would like to know whether his new dog training program is effective. He tests a group of dogs before they start the program, and then again afterwards. What research design has he used?

Accepted Answer

A)   one-group pretest-posttest design
B)   pretest-posttest control group design
C)   posttest only control group design
D)   nonequivalent control group design

Question 20

A researcher plans a study to test the effectiveness of the discussion method in an introductory research methods course at the college level. One instructor will use the discussion method in her class several times during the semester. Another instructor will teach the same content, but without using the discussion method. The researcher will collect the following data: student scores on mid-term and final exams and on a scale measuring attitudes toward instruction. Discuss at least three recommendations that you can provide to improve this experimental design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher plans a study to test...

Exam 10: True Experiments, Part 1 Single-Factor Designs

The experiment by Pinel on exploration as a function of Electroconvulsive Shock-learning interval used a multiple-condition design to

An independent variable always has at least two

Multiple-condition experiments are employed to

The experiment by Braun, Ellis, and Loftus 2002) on the effect of a Disney advertisement on memory for visiting a theme park was done between subjects because

Reverse counterbalancing involves which one of the following procedures?

If productivity increased in a factory after all of its employees were switched to a work schedule consisting of four 10-hour days, should management really credit the schedule switch with the improvement?

A drug and a placebo are compared for treating diabetes. A random half of the subjects receive the drug, while the other half receives the placebo. Blood glucose level is tested in all of the subjects several times a day. What type of design does this study represent?

To determine the effect of counseling on the self-esteem of divorced women, a researcher measures the self-esteem of a group of women before and after they have received counseling and compares the before and after measurements. What type of design does this study represent?

The control condition in the experiment described in question 38 is

Which of the following is a true experimental design?

Professor Johns is performing an experiment to test hypnosis as a treatment for smoking. He is trying to decide which type of experimental design will be appropriate for the study. Which would you suggest?

In a well-designed between-subjects experiment, the participants would

The conditions of a true experiment allow a researcher to infer

A doctor prescribes a new drug for a sick patient. The patient gets well. Should the doctor believe that the drug made the patient well?

A research procedure in which the scientist has complete control over all aspects of the study is called:

Dr. Schreiber is performing a within-subjects visual search experiment, which is a little like a video game. People seem to get a good deal better at the task after about 10 practice trials. What should be a concern for his experimental design?

The one-group posttest-only design should be avoided because

A researcher would like to know whether his new dog training program is effective. He tests a group of dogs before they start the program, and then again afterwards. What research design has he used?