Question 1

Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that occurs when we are awake?

Accepted Answer

A)   the neurocognitive approach
B)   the psychoanalytic approach
C)   the lucid dreaming approach
D)   the activation-synthesis approach A

Question 2

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with a sedative drug?

Accepted Answer

A)   feelings of excitement, confidence, and euphoria
B)   feelings of increased energy and pep
C)   a sense of calmness and relaxation
D)   wakefulness, alertness, and shortened reaction time C

Question 3

Which of the following is true of circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are artificial inventions of timekeepers.
B)   They are internally driven cycles.
C)   They are sequences of events that occur once a month.
D)   They occur on the same schedule regardless of the changes from day to night. B

Question 4

Carmella tells her friend that last night she dreamed she was asking her boss for a promotion. If Carmella's friend believes in the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming, which of the following is she likely to say about the dream?

Accepted Answer

A)   "The latent content of the dream is more important than the manifest content."
B)   "The dream is the result of random activity in the brain and has no deep symbolic meaning."
C)   "The dream indicates that your brain is trying to figure out how to get you promoted."
D)   "The dream is your brain's way of forming new memories."

Question 5

Large, periodic bursts of brain activity that occur during stage 2 sleep are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   beta waves
B)   sleep spindles
C)   delta waves
D)   alpha waves

Question 6

During which sleep stage do sleep spindles first occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stage 1
B)   Stage 2
C)   Stage 3
D)   Stage 4

Question 7

The neurocognitive hypothesis of dreaming states that the purpose of dreaming reflects waking preoccupations and emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is one neurological explanation offered for déjà vu?

Accepted Answer

A)   Visual information may be processed in two brain regions, albeit slightly faster in one area than in the other.
B)   There is a déjà vu center in the brain.
C)   Déjà vu occurs when the brain waves recorded from two regions of the brain are similar.
D)   Déjà vu occurs only in people who have problems with temporal lobe functioning.

Question 9

Our sleeping-waking cycle follows a(n) __________ rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)   infradian
B)   circadian
C)   diurnal
D)   ultradian

Question 10

What term do sleep researchers use to designate Stages 1-4 of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   REM sleep
B)   Non-REM sleep
C)   REMN sleep
D)   paradoxical sleep

Question 11

The psychoanalytic theory of dreaming states that

Accepted Answer

A)   the purpose of dreaming is to express unconscious wishes and urges.
B)   there is no purpose to dreaming; dreams occur because of random brainstem signals.
C)   the purpose of dreaming is to resolve current concerns and problems that we are conscious of.
D)   dreaming is a by-product of a process of eliminating or strengthening neural connections.

Question 12

A circadian cycle is about ______ hours long.

Accepted Answer

A)   1.5
B)   6
C)   12
D)   24

Question 13

Dr. Morales claims that hypnosis is a distinct state of consciousness in which there is a "hidden" observer. It appears that she is endorsing the _____ theory of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

A)   social-cognitive
B)   psychoanalytic
C)   dissociation
D)   hypnotherapy

Question 14

The discomfort one feels when sleep cycles are out of synchronization with light and darkness result from disrupting:

Accepted Answer

A)   REM rebound
B)   circadian rhythms
C)   Sleep displacement
D)   Sleep state misperception

Question 15

Which of the following is true of circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are artificial inventions of timekeepers.
B)   They are internally generated cycles.
C)   They are sequences of events that occur once a month.
D)   They occur on the same schedule regardless of the changes from day to night.

Question 16

Which is the stage of sleep from which you would be most easily awakened?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stage 1
B)   Stage 2
C)   Stage 3
D)   Stage 4

Question 17

According to Freud, the visible, or directly observable, content of a dream is its __________ content.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary
B)   secondary
C)   manifest
D)   latent

Question 18

Your textbook recommends which of the following to improve sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   exercising an hour before bedtime
B)   concentrating on falling to sleep
C)   forcing yourself to stay in bed until you fall asleep
D)   waking up at the same time each morning.

Question 19

REM sleep has been called "paradoxical sleep" because:

Accepted Answer

A)   the brain is very active, yet the body is entirely inactive.
B)   the body is very active and restless, but the brain is very inactive.
C)   the eyes are open, though the person remains asleep.
D)   colorful dreams occur, in contrast to the black-and-white dreams of NREM sleep.

Question 20

__________ are used today for treating insomnia, epilepsy and other disorders.

Accepted Answer

A)   Barbiturates
B)   Opiates
C)   Hallucinogens
D)   Stimulants

Exam 5: Consciousness

Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that occurs when we are awake?

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with a sedative drug?

Which of the following is true of circadian rhythms?

Carmella tells her friend that last night she dreamed she was asking her boss for a promotion. If Carmella's friend believes in the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming, which of the following is she likely to say about the dream?

Large, periodic bursts of brain activity that occur during stage 2 sleep are known as _____.

During which sleep stage do sleep spindles first occur?

The neurocognitive hypothesis of dreaming states that the purpose of dreaming reflects waking preoccupations and emotional experiences.

What is one neurological explanation offered for déjà vu?

Our sleeping-waking cycle follows a(n) __________ rhythm.

What term do sleep researchers use to designate Stages 1-4 of sleep?

The psychoanalytic theory of dreaming states that

A circadian cycle is about ______ hours long.

Dr. Morales claims that hypnosis is a distinct state of consciousness in which there is a "hidden" observer. It appears that she is endorsing the _____ theory of hypnosis.

The discomfort one feels when sleep cycles are out of synchronization with light and darkness result from disrupting:

Which of the following is true of circadian rhythms?

Which is the stage of sleep from which you would be most easily awakened?

According to Freud, the visible, or directly observable, content of a dream is its __________ content.

Your textbook recommends which of the following to improve sleep?

REM sleep has been called "paradoxical sleep" because:

__________ are used today for treating insomnia, epilepsy and other disorders.