Question 1

The hotter the weather, the more muggings tend to occur. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  hot temperatures make people edgy and cause them to commit crimes. 
B)  potential victims are more plentiful when the weather warms up. 
C)  criminals may find it more comfortable to commit crimes in warm weather. 
D)  Any of the above explanations is a possibility.

Question 2

A shortcoming of laboratory observation is that the presence of researchers may cause participants to behave differently than they would in their usual surroundings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding the use of non-human animals in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A)  They must give informed consent before being used. 
B)  They are no longer used in psychological research. 
C)  Federal regulations governing their housing and care have been strengthened. 
D)  The APA objects to their use.

Question 4

Scientists are expected to submit their study's results for peer review before any announcements regarding the study are made to the public.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An experimenter's friendly smile or cold demeanor can affect people's responses in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. Some participants are given two bars of chocolate to eat and some are given no chocolate at all, and then all of the participants are tested for nervousness an hour later. In this experiment, the amount of chocolate eaten:

Accepted Answer

A)  would be a dependent variable. 
B)  would be a placebo. 
C)  would be an independent variable. 
D)  may be either an independent or dependent variable.

Question 7

Some psychologists have called for more field research because experimental studies:

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot identify cause and effect. 
B)  often involve artificial situations. 
C)  do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn. 
D)  may miss vital information due to participants' inaccurate memories.

Question 8

Tess agrees to sleep in an artificial setting for three nights so that researchers can obtain information about her brain and muscle activity during sleep. She is taking part in a research method called _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a single-blind study 
B)  a double-blind study 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  laboratory observation

Question 9

Assessment instruments that are designed to measure beliefs, feelings, or behaviors of which an individual is aware are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  projective tests. 
B)  objective tests. 
C)  double-blind tests. 
D)  single-blind tests.

Question 10

Which research method did Sigmund Freud rely upon? Analyze what you know about his theory given your understanding of research methods. What are the strengths and limitations of his approach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which research method did Sigmund Freud rely...

Question 11

A statistician adds all of the test scores for a group of participants and then divides the sum by the number of participants. The result of his calculation is the ____________ of the test scores.

Accepted Answer

A)  arithmetic mean 
B)  effect size 
C)  p value 
D)  standard deviation

Question 12

Explain the purpose and process of peer review.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the purpose and process of peer...

Question 13

Subjects are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups to:

Accepted Answer

A)  make the two groups as similar as possible in all major characteristics. 
B)  eliminate the placebo effect. 
C)  establish possible correlations between the independent and dependent variables. 
D)  eliminate experimenter effects.

Question 14

People who are willing to take part in surveys usually have opinions and views that are different from those who decline to take part. This phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  volunteer bias. 
B)  experimenter's bias. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  systematic bias.

Question 15

When two variables have a strong positive correlation, the correlation coefficient will be close to:

Accepted Answer

A)  .00. 
B)  +1.00. 
C)  -1.00. 
D)  +.50.

Question 16

A hypothesis is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A _______________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

Accepted Answer

A)  relationship coefficient 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  Bayesian statistic 
D)  correlation

Question 18

A study in which subjects of different ages are compared at a given time is called a longitudinal study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Dennis believes that women are worse drivers than men. He always notices examples of poor women drivers, but ignores evidence to the contrary, such as poor male drivers or good female drivers. Dennis' behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the principle of falsifiability. 
B)  critical thinking. 
C)  the confirmation bias. 
D)  skepticism.

Question 20

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure is called its reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

The hotter the weather, the more muggings tend to occur. This means that:

A shortcoming of laboratory observation is that the presence of researchers may cause participants to behave differently than they would in their usual surroundings.

Which of the following is true regarding the use of non-human animals in psychological research?

Scientists are expected to submit their study's results for peer review before any announcements regarding the study are made to the public.

An experimenter's friendly smile or cold demeanor can affect people's responses in an experiment.

A researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. Some participants are given two bars of chocolate to eat and some are given no chocolate at all, and then all of the participants are tested for nervousness an hour later. In this experiment, the amount of chocolate eaten:

Some psychologists have called for more field research because experimental studies:

Tess agrees to sleep in an artificial setting for three nights so that researchers can obtain information about her brain and muscle activity during sleep. She is taking part in a research method called _______________.

Assessment instruments that are designed to measure beliefs, feelings, or behaviors of which an individual is aware are called:

Which research method did Sigmund Freud rely upon? Analyze what you know about his theory given your understanding of research methods. What are the strengths and limitations of his approach?

A statistician adds all of the test scores for a group of participants and then divides the sum by the number of participants. The result of his calculation is the ____________ of the test scores.

Explain the purpose and process of peer review.

Subjects are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups to:

People who are willing to take part in surveys usually have opinions and views that are different from those who decline to take part. This phenomenon is called:

When two variables have a strong positive correlation, the correlation coefficient will be close to:

A hypothesis is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena.

A _______________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

A study in which subjects of different ages are compared at a given time is called a longitudinal study.

Dennis believes that women are worse drivers than men. He always notices examples of poor women drivers, but ignores evidence to the contrary, such as poor male drivers or good female drivers. Dennis' behavior is an example of:

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure is called its reliability.