Question 1

When scientists use the term "biological rhythm," they are referring to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a periodic, more or less regular, fluctuation in the physiological functioning of a living organism. 
B)  an awareness of oneself and the environment. 
C)  a biological fluctuation that occurs less frequently than once a day. 
D)  a biological fluctuation that is about 24 hours from peak to peak.

Question 2

The reason that REM sleep occurs is:

Accepted Answer

A)  to allow the mind to solve the day's problems during sleep. 
B)  to allow memories to form. 
C)  to release tensions from the previous day. 
D)  unknown.

Question 3

Kyle and Yoko spent the same amount of time studying for a big exam. Kyle slept between studying and taking the exam, whereas Yoko did not. All other things being equal, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kyle has an advantage, because sleeping after learning is believed to strengthen the memories. 
B)  Yoko has an advantage, because sleeping after learning leads to an increased risk of forgetting. 
C)  Neither has an advantage, as long as they both got a decent night of sleep at some point. 
D)  Neither has an advantage, because sleep is only related to memory for motor and perceptual skills.

Question 4

What is the purpose of dreaming, according to the cognitive theory of dreaming?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the purpose of dreaming, according...

Question 5

_______________ is a disorder in which depression occurs in the winter months.

Accepted Answer

A)  SAD 
B)  SCN 
C)  PMS 
D)  REM

Question 6

Melatonin, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the purpose of dreaming, according to Sigmund Freud?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the purpose of dreaming, according...

Question 8

The body's biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pituitary gland. 
B)  pineal gland. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 9

Psychedelic drugs:

Accepted Answer

A)  speed up activity in the central nervous system. 
B)  disrupt normal thought processes. 
C)  slow down activity in the central nervous system. 
D)  are derived from the opium poppy, which relieves pain and produces euphoria.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is accurate according to studies of internal desynchronization?

Accepted Answer

A)  When people fly across several time zones, sleep and wake patterns take several days to return to normal. 
B)  When people fly across several time zones, temperature and hormone cycles can take several days to return to normal. 
C)  Melatonin pills have been shown to be effective in treating desynchronization. 
D)  When an occupation requires a rotating work schedule, then workers should be switched as frequently as possible.

Question 11

Research on premenstrual syndrome indicates that fewer than 5 percent of women have emotional PMS symptoms predictably over their cycles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

"Mental set" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the context in which a person takes a drug. 
B)  the personality traits of the person taking a drug. 
C)  a person's expectations about a drug's effects. 
D)  the genetic characteristics of a person taking a drug.

Question 13

Chronic sleep deprivation increases levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Controlled studies indicate that _______________ reduces symptoms in people with SAD.

Accepted Answer

A)  phototherapy 
B)  low levels of negative ions 
C)  chemotherapy 
D)  hypnosis

Question 15

Consolidation is a process by which the synaptic changes associated with a recently stored memory become durable and stable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Hypnosis is a procedure in which a practitioner suggests changes in the sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of the subject.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is an effect of depressants?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced anxiety, guilt, and tension 
B)  increased energy 
C)  increased inhibitions 
D)  increased heart rate and respiratory rate

Question 18

In his dreams, Andy is a child crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. Which theory
of dreams would be most receptive to each of the following explanations?
-Andy has repressed an early sexual attraction to his mother; the tunnel symbolizes her vagina.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In his dreams, Andy is a child...

Question 19

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder involving sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM paralysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is one of the weaknesses of the problem-focused theory of dreaming?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is one of the weaknesses of...

Exam 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States

When scientists use the term "biological rhythm," they are referring to:

The reason that REM sleep occurs is:

Kyle and Yoko spent the same amount of time studying for a big exam. Kyle slept between studying and taking the exam, whereas Yoko did not. All other things being equal, which of the following is most likely to be true?

What is the purpose of dreaming, according to the cognitive theory of dreaming?

_______________ is a disorder in which depression occurs in the winter months.

Melatonin, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.

What is the purpose of dreaming, according to Sigmund Freud?

The body's biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is located in the:

Psychedelic drugs:

Which of the following statements is accurate according to studies of internal desynchronization?

Research on premenstrual syndrome indicates that fewer than 5 percent of women have emotional PMS symptoms predictably over their cycles.

"Mental set" refers to:

Chronic sleep deprivation increases levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

Controlled studies indicate that _______________ reduces symptoms in people with SAD.

Consolidation is a process by which the synaptic changes associated with a recently stored memory become durable and stable.

Hypnosis is a procedure in which a practitioner suggests changes in the sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of the subject.

Which of the following is an effect of depressants?

In his dreams, Andy is a child crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. Which theory of dreams would be most receptive to each of the following explanations? -Andy has repressed an early sexual attraction to his mother; the tunnel symbolizes her vagina.

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder involving sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM paralysis.

What is one of the weaknesses of the problem-focused theory of dreaming?