Question 1

Which structure of the vertebrate gut is most responsible for peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circular and longitudinal muscle layers 
B)  Mucosal layer 
C)  Submucosal layer 
D)  Peritoneum 
E)  Lumen

Question 2

Regular consumption of liver would likely rule out a nutritional deficiency for all of the following nutrients except

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin B12 (cobalamin). 
B)  copper. 
C)  vitamin C 
D)  folic acid. 
E)  iron.

Question 3

If you are suffering from osteoporosis,a condition in which your bones are thinning,you can improve your condition through diet and exercise.Which nutrient is important for improving your condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Magnesium 
C)  Vitamin D 
D)  Phosphorus 
E)  All of the above

Question 4

A vegan (someone who eats no animal products)who develops pernicious anemia despite a diet high in whole grains most likely has a nutritional deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A)  pantothenic acid. 
B)  biotin. 
C)  folic acid. 
D)  vitamin E (tocopherol). 
E)  vitamin B12 (cobalamin).

Question 5

The nutritional deficiency disease rickets is caused by an inadequate supply of the lipid-soluble vitamin

Accepted Answer

A)  A (retinol). 
B)  D (calciferol). 
C)  E (tocopherol). 
D)  K (menadione). 
E)  biotin.

Question 6

Animals that feed by collecting many tiny food particles at once are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Animals that feed by collecting many tiny...

Question 7

For most vertebrates,absorption of nutrients occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  esophagus. 
B)  gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  coelomic body cavity. 
D)  midgut. 
E)  crop.

Question 8

Which activity is not carried out by the liver in the regulation of fuel metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion of glucose into glycogen 
B)  Secretion of glucagon 
C)  Response to insulin 
D)  Production of molecules that emulsify drops of fat into smaller drops 
E)  Secretion of molecules that emulsify drops of fat into smaller drops

Question 9

Which structure of the tubular digestive tract in vertebrates is involved mainly with water and ion recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gizzard 
B)  Buccal cavity 
C)  Stomach 
D)  Hindgut 
E)  Midgut

Question 10

The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types.Which of the following represents the correct order of those layers,from innermost (lumen-facing)to outermost?

Accepted Answer

A)  Submucosa,cartilage,mucosa,endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Smooth muscle layers,submucosa,mucosa,cartilage 
C)  Cartilage,smooth muscle layers,mucosa,circular muscle 
D)  Mucosa,submucosa,circular muscle,longitudinal muscle 
E)  Cartilage,mucosa,endoplasmic reticulum,submucosa

Question 11

An earthworm doesn't need teeth because it has a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  gizzard. 
B)  crop. 
C)  rumen. 
D)  pharynx. 
E)  intestine.

Question 12

Which of these microscopic organisms are not part of the microbial community in the gut of a ruminant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria 
B)  Algae 
C)  Protozoa 
D)  Yeasts 
E)  Fungi

Question 13

Which structure is not encountered by a food particle as it moves through the digestive system of an earthworm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Esophagus 
B)  Gizzard 
C)  Crop 
D)  Intestine 
E)  Cecum

Question 14

During the postabsorptive state,

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon is the major metabolic fuel. 
B)  glucagon stimulates the liver to produce glycogen. 
C)  insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by muscle cells. 
D)  fatty acids constitute a major metabolic fuel. 
E)  liver functions slow down because of high insulin levels.

Question 15

During the absorptive state,

Accepted Answer

A)  breakdown of glycogen supplies glucose to the blood. 
B)  glucagon secretion is high. 
C)  the amount of secreted insulin is high. 
D)  glycogen is the major metabolic fuel. 
E)  the synthesis of fats and glycogen in muscle is inhibited.

Question 16

Which structure is not directly encountered by a bite of food as it passes through your digestive system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea 
B)  Liver 
C)  Jejunum 
D)  Colon 
E)  Esophagus

Question 17

Which statement about digestion in vertebrates is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins are secreted in active form by the pancreas. 
B)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins produce absorbable molecules with one,two,or three amino acids. 
C)  The enzymes that carry out the final step of splitting two linked amino acids are produced by the intestinal epithelial cells. 
D)  The enzymes that carry out the final step of splitting two linked amino acids produce absorbable single amino acids. 
E)  The enzymes that digest lactose are present in a number of tribes in Africa.

Question 18

The _______ of a cockroach is most analogous to the grinding teeth of a rabbit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ of a cockroach is most...

Question 19

Which statement about the essential amino acids is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most animals have some amino acids that are essential. 
B)  Ingesting a surplus of one essential amino acid cannot compensate for a shortage of another. 
C)  In humans,some foods,such as legumes,supply all eight of the essential amino acids. 
D)  They must be obtained fully formed in the diet. 
E)  Like amino acids,some fatty acids are essential.

Question 20

Which statement about nutrient absorption by the intestinal mucosal cells in vertebrates is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are absorbed as disaccharides. 
B)  Lipids are absorbed as fatty acids and glycerol. 
C)  Proteins are absorbed only as single amino acids. 
D)  Bile transports lipids across the plasma membrane. 
E)  Most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine.

Exam 30: Nutrition and Digestion