Question 1

Thick dental enamel in__________ helps with crushing food.

Accepted Answer

A)  apes 
B)  australopithecines 
C)  humans 
D)  eosimians 
A)  apes 
B)  australopithecines 
C)  humans 
D)  eosimians

Question 2

The only preaustralopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Orrorin tugenensis. 
B)  Ardipithecus kadabba. 
C)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis. 
D)  Ardipithecus ramidus. 
A)  Orrorin tugenensis. 
B)  Ardipithecus kadabba. 
C)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis. 
D)  Ardipithecus ramidus.

Question 3

In an ape, the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine that accommodates a large, projecting lower canine is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  dental gap. 
B)  gingival space. 
C)  mesial bridge. 
D)  diastema. 
A)  dental gap. 
B)  gingival space. 
C)  mesial bridge. 
D)  diastema.

Question 4

The Patchy Forest hypothesis proposes that:

Accepted Answer

A)  forests became patchy and food more dispersed. 
B)  forests became lush woodlands. 
C)  forests became wet and swamplike. 
D)  forests did not change. 
A)  forests became patchy and food more dispersed. 
B)  forests became lush woodlands. 
C)  forests became wet and swamplike. 
D)  forests did not change.

Question 5

Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human evolution.

Accepted Answer

The primitive nature of the fossil confi

Question 6

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism. You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  a narrow pelvis 
B)  posterior position of the foramen magnum 
C)  opposable hallux 
D)  thighbones that angle in toward the knees 
A)  a narrow pelvis 
B)  posterior position of the foramen magnum 
C)  opposable hallux 
D)  thighbones that angle in toward the knees

Question 7

The Oldowan Complex includes tools like:

Accepted Answer

A)  hand axes, flakes, and cores. 
B)  cobbles, flakes, and side scrapers. 
C)  choppers, cobbles, flakes, and bone tools. 
D)  choppers, hand axes, and side scrapers. 
A)  hand axes, flakes, and cores. 
B)  cobbles, flakes, and side scrapers. 
C)  choppers, cobbles, flakes, and bone tools. 
D)  choppers, hand axes, and side scrapers.

Question 8

A hominin is defined as having two obligate behaviors:

Accepted Answer

A)  speech and advanced cognition. 
B)  bipedal locomotion and nonhoning chewing complex. 
C)  bipedal locomotion and speech. 
D)  nonhoning chewing complex and advanced cognition. 
A)  speech and advanced cognition. 
B)  bipedal locomotion and nonhoning chewing complex. 
C)  bipedal locomotion and speech. 
D)  nonhoning chewing complex and advanced cognition.

Question 9

Humans use their molars for:

Accepted Answer

A)  biting. 
B)  crushing. 
C)  shearing. 
D)  mashing. 
A)  biting. 
B)  crushing. 
C)  shearing. 
D)  mashing.

Question 10

A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonhoning chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size 
B)  modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size 
C)  modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, small brain size 
D)  nonhoning chewing, loss of apelike traits, small brain size 
A)  nonhoning chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size 
B)  modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size 
C)  modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, small brain size 
D)  nonhoning chewing, loss of apelike traits, small brain size

Question 11

Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the change occurred.

Accepted Answer

Among other, more detailed anatomical fe

Question 12

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

Accepted Answer

A)  abundant stone tools. 
B)  animal bones with cutmarks. 
C)  evidence for early Homo. 
D)  fossil footprints. 
A)  abundant stone tools. 
B)  animal bones with cutmarks. 
C)  evidence for early Homo. 
D)  fossil footprints.

Question 13

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for:

Accepted Answer

A)  monogamy. 
B)  multifamily grouping. 
C)  pair bonding. 
D)  multimale grouping. 
A)  monogamy. 
B)  multifamily grouping. 
C)  pair bonding. 
D)  multimale grouping.

Question 14

Robust australopithecines were extinct by:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mya. 
B)  3 mya. 
C)  4 mya. 
D)  their lineage continued 
A)  1 mya. 
B)  3 mya. 
C)  4 mya. 
D)  their lineage continued

Question 15

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin evolution emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

Accepted Answer

A)  included the now extinct descendents of Au afarensis. 
B)  gave rise to the genus Ardipithecus. 
C)  was an evolution of other australopithecine lineages. 
D)  ended with Au africanus. 
A)  included the now extinct descendents of Au afarensis. 
B)  gave rise to the genus Ardipithecus. 
C)  was an evolution of other australopithecine lineages. 
D)  ended with Au africanus.

Question 16

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the preaustralopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

The distinguishing characteristics of ho

Question 17

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it had a bigger brain than other australopithecines. 
B)  it had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines. 
C)  it had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines. 
D)  it was bipedal. 
A)  it had a bigger brain than other australopithecines. 
B)  it had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines. 
C)  it had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines. 
D)  it was bipedal.

Question 18

Two types of australopithecines were using two different types of locomotion in East Africa:

Accepted Answer

A)  one was a quadruped and the other a leaper. 
B)  one was a clinger and the other a climber. 
C)  one was a knuckle walker and the other a quadruped. 
D)  one was a climber and the other a biped. 
A)  one was a quadruped and the other a leaper. 
B)  one was a clinger and the other a climber. 
C)  one was a knuckle walker and the other a quadruped. 
D)  one was a climber and the other a biped.

Question 19

Australopithecus robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaptation:

Accepted Answer

A)  to eating hard food with sand in it. 
B)  to eating a great deal of red meat. 
C)  to eating foods requiring heavy chewing. 
D)  to gnawing on bones. 
A)  to eating hard food with sand in it. 
B)  to eating a great deal of red meat. 
C)  to eating foods requiring heavy chewing. 
D)  to gnawing on bones.

Question 20

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind") is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lake Turkana. 
B)  Olduvai Gorge. 
C)  Swartkrans. 
D)  Hadar. 
A)  Lake Turkana. 
B)  Olduvai Gorge. 
C)  Swartkrans. 
D)  Hadar.

Thick dental enamel in__________ helps with crushing food.

The only preaustralopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is:

In an ape, the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine that accommodates a large, projecting lower canine is a:

The Patchy Forest hypothesis proposes that:

Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human evolution.

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism. You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

The Oldowan Complex includes tools like:

A hominin is defined as having two obligate behaviors:

Humans use their molars for:

A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?

Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the change occurred.

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for:

Robust australopithecines were extinct by:

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin evolution emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the preaustralopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because:

Two types of australopithecines were using two different types of locomotion in East Africa:

Australopithecus robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaptation:

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind") is:

What Is Physical Anthropology

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: Living People

Biology in the Present: the Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

The Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Modern People

Our Last 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, and the Bioarchaeology of a Fundamental Transition

Evolution: Today and Tomorrow

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Exam 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: the Roots of Humanity

Thick dental enamel in__________ helps with crushing food.

The only preaustralopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is:

In an ape, the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine that accommodates a large, projecting lower canine is a:

The Patchy Forest hypothesis proposes that:

Discuss the Ardipithecus ramidus fossil and its implications for understanding human evolution.

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism. You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

The Oldowan Complex includes tools like:

A hominin is defined as having two obligate behaviors:

Humans use their molars for:

A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?

Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the change occurred.

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for:

Robust australopithecines were extinct by:

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin evolution emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the preaustralopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because:

Two types of australopithecines were using two different types of locomotion in East Africa:

Australopithecus robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaptation:

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind") is:

What Is Physical Anthropology

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: Living People

Biology in the Present: the Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

The Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Modern People

Our Last 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, and the Bioarchaeology of a Fundamental Transition

Evolution: Today and Tomorrow

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