Question 1

Which country is currently the world's top carbon polluter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brazil 
B)  India 
C)  United States 
D)  China 
A)  Brazil 
B)  India 
C)  United States 
D)  China

Question 2

The Clean Air Act requires that national ambient air quality standards be set without regard for cost considerations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The federal government originally did not regulate the pollution created by industry.As environmental law developed,the government began to issue permits to businesses to control and regulate the amount of their pollution.Many industries claim that the cost of compliance with current environmental laws unduly hampers their ability to compete effectively in the marketplace.Is it fair to business owners to be burdened with these costs? Are the strict liability provisions in the federal environmental acts ethical and fair? Discuss fully.

Accepted Answer

Students should discuss ethica

Question 4

Toby is the commissioner of environmental matters for State X,the state with the cleanest air in the nation.U.S.Pollution Company wants to move into State X.Unfortunately,State X has had a severe economic downturn.Many of the citizens are ready to trade some environmental cleanliness for jobs.Toby is on the hot seat.The governor and others say that State X has done well and has always beaten all other states in meeting national ambient air quality standards.In fact,State X is so far in compliance that Pollution Company could operate for many years before there was a problem.What would you suggest to Toby regarding compliance with the Clean Air Act?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards. 
B)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards,and he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months. 
C)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards,he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months,and he can show an increase in the unemployment level of at least 5% in his state over the past 12 months. 
D)  Toby should not disregard the Clean Air Act because it requires that air quality in those areas that meet the national ambient air quality standards not be allowed to deteriorate. 
A)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards. 
B)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards,and he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months. 
C)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards,he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months,and he can show an increase in the unemployment level of at least 5% in his state over the past 12 months. 
D)  Toby should not disregard the Clean Air Act because it requires that air quality in those areas that meet the national ambient air quality standards not be allowed to deteriorate.

Question 5

Which of the following authorizes the federal government to take remedial action in response to a release of hazardous substances into the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  CERCLA 
B)  Solid Waste Disposal Act 
C)  Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 
D)  Clean Air Act 
A)  CERCLA 
B)  Solid Waste Disposal Act 
C)  Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 
D)  Clean Air Act

Question 6

__________ liability is the responsibility of an acquirer of corporate assets for the liabilities of the seller.

Accepted Answer

A)  Parent 
B)  Successor 
C)  Subsidiary 
D)  Environmental 
A)  Parent 
B)  Successor 
C)  Subsidiary 
D)  Environmental

Question 7

The EPA lists waste sites based on a _____,which represents the degree of risk that the site presents to the environment and public health.

Accepted Answer

A)  first-come,first-served basis 
B)  hazard ranking score 
C)  Superfund allocation priority metric 
D)  strict liability formula 
A)  first-come,first-served basis 
B)  hazard ranking score 
C)  Superfund allocation priority metric 
D)  strict liability formula

Question 8

Which of the following is false regarding defenses to liability under CERCLA?

Accepted Answer

A)  A defense to liability is that the release of hazardous substances was caused solely by an act of God,such as an earthquake. 
B)  A defense to liability is that the release of hazardous substances was caused solely by an act of war. 
C)  A defense exists for purchasers of brownfields,contaminated sites that are eligible for cleaning and reclaiming with assistance from the Superfund. 
D)  A defense exists if the defendant is less than 50 percent at fault for the contamination. 
A)  A defense to liability is that the release of hazardous substances was caused solely by an act of God,such as an earthquake. 
B)  A defense to liability is that the release of hazardous substances was caused solely by an act of war. 
C)  A defense exists for purchasers of brownfields,contaminated sites that are eligible for cleaning and reclaiming with assistance from the Superfund. 
D)  A defense exists if the defendant is less than 50 percent at fault for the contamination.

Question 9

In which of the following situations would an environmental impact statement NOT be required?

Accepted Answer

A)  If any business activities require governmental authorizations,permits,or licenses 
B)  If the requested authorization involves wilderness preservation,wildlife protection,or national park designation 
C)  If the agency finds that the proposed action will not have a significant impact on the environment 
D)  If a major federal action will significantly affect the quality of the human environment 
A)  If any business activities require governmental authorizations,permits,or licenses 
B)  If the requested authorization involves wilderness preservation,wildlife protection,or national park designation 
C)  If the agency finds that the proposed action will not have a significant impact on the environment 
D)  If a major federal action will significantly affect the quality of the human environment

Question 10

Lenders are immune from liability under CERCLA if a contaminated property goes through foreclosure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the authority of administering agencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  The environmental laws give broad authority to the administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant facilities and their records. 
B)  The environmental laws give limited authority to the administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant facilities and their records. 
C)  The environmental laws give no authority to the administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant facilities and their records. 
D)  The environmental laws give limited authority to administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant records,but facilities may not be directly inspected by administering agencies. 
A)  The environmental laws give broad authority to the administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant facilities and their records. 
B)  The environmental laws give limited authority to the administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant facilities and their records. 
C)  The environmental laws give no authority to the administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant facilities and their records. 
D)  The environmental laws give limited authority to administering agencies to conduct on-site inspections of plant records,but facilities may not be directly inspected by administering agencies.

Question 12

An important step in comprehensively managing environmental liability and reducing penalties for noncompliance is to conduct periodic environmental audits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A(n)__________ is an effect of a purchase or use decision by one set of parties on others who did not have a choice and whose interest was not taken into account.

Accepted Answer

A)  externality 
B)  bystander influence 
C)  afflicting action 
D)  affectation 
A)  externality 
B)  bystander influence 
C)  afflicting action 
D)  affectation

Question 14

Laws addressing wilderness preservation,wildlife protection,coastal zone management,energy conservation,and national park designation are referred to as _____ laws.

Accepted Answer

A)  protection 
B)  environmental 
C)  land-use 
D)  natural resources 
A)  protection 
B)  environmental 
C)  land-use 
D)  natural resources

Question 15

What is the Paris Climate Agreement? Is the United States a signatory?

Accepted Answer

It followed the Kyoto Protocol,which sou

Question 16

Which of the following laws applies to pesticide products?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxic Substances Control Act 
B)  Federal Insecticide,Fungicide,and Rodenticide Act 
C)  Federal Rat Act 
D)  Uniform Pesticide Act 
A)  Toxic Substances Control Act 
B)  Federal Insecticide,Fungicide,and Rodenticide Act 
C)  Federal Rat Act 
D)  Uniform Pesticide Act

Question 17

Tiernan is the president of Bank X,which holds a mortgage on a company found liable for illegal disposal of hazardous waste.The company has stopped paying on its loan to Bank X.Tiernan would like to foreclose but does not want the bank to become liable under CERCLA as an owner.What should Tiernan do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tiernan should do nothing because foreclosure would automatically result in the bank becoming liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs. 
B)  Tiernan should go ahead and foreclose because as long as the bank did not participate in the management of the facility prior to foreclosure,the bank will not be considered liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs. 
C)  Tiernan should immediately arrange for the bank to become involved in managing the facility because as long as the bank participated in the management of the facility prior to foreclosure,the bank will not be considered liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs. 
D)  Tiernan might as well go ahead and foreclose because as a mortgage holder,the bank is already automatically liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs. 
A)  Tiernan should do nothing because foreclosure would automatically result in the bank becoming liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs. 
B)  Tiernan should go ahead and foreclose because as long as the bank did not participate in the management of the facility prior to foreclosure,the bank will not be considered liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs. 
C)  Tiernan should immediately arrange for the bank to become involved in managing the facility because as long as the bank participated in the management of the facility prior to foreclosure,the bank will not be considered liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs. 
D)  Tiernan might as well go ahead and foreclose because as a mortgage holder,the bank is already automatically liable under CERCLA for cleanup costs.

Question 18

Environmental __________ is a systematic and ongoing process for determining whether property contains or emits hazardous substances and whether a company is in compliance with environmental laws.

Accepted Answer

A)  awareness 
B)  justice 
C)  due diligence 
D)  risk management 
A)  awareness 
B)  justice 
C)  due diligence 
D)  risk management

Question 19

The need to file a lawsuit in each case and the complexity of the common law made nuisance a cumbersome way to control environmental pollution in an industrialized society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What level of culpability does CERCLA require before authorizing an award of punitive damages against a polluter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intentional violation of the law 
B)  Recklessness 
C)  Negligence 
D)  It is only required that the defendant be the responsible party in regard to the pollution with the defendant's mental state being irrelevant. 
A)  Intentional violation of the law 
B)  Recklessness 
C)  Negligence 
D)  It is only required that the defendant be the responsible party in regard to the pollution with the defendant's mental state being irrelevant.

Exam 15: Environmental-Law-And-Sustainability

Which country is currently the world's top carbon polluter?

The Clean Air Act requires that national ambient air quality standards be set without regard for cost considerations.

Which of the following authorizes the federal government to take remedial action in response to a release of hazardous substances into the environment?

__________ liability is the responsibility of an acquirer of corporate assets for the liabilities of the seller.

The EPA lists waste sites based on a _____,which represents the degree of risk that the site presents to the environment and public health.

Which of the following is false regarding defenses to liability under CERCLA?

In which of the following situations would an environmental impact statement NOT be required?

Lenders are immune from liability under CERCLA if a contaminated property goes through foreclosure.

Which of the following is true regarding the authority of administering agencies?

An important step in comprehensively managing environmental liability and reducing penalties for noncompliance is to conduct periodic environmental audits.

A(n)__________ is an effect of a purchase or use decision by one set of parties on others who did not have a choice and whose interest was not taken into account.

Laws addressing wilderness preservation,wildlife protection,coastal zone management,energy conservation,and national park designation are referred to as _____ laws.

What is the Paris Climate Agreement? Is the United States a signatory?

Which of the following laws applies to pesticide products?

Environmental __________ is a systematic and ongoing process for determining whether property contains or emits hazardous substances and whether a company is in compliance with environmental laws.

The need to file a lawsuit in each case and the complexity of the common law made nuisance a cumbersome way to control environmental pollution in an industrialized society.

What level of culpability does CERCLA require before authorizing an award of punitive damages against a polluter?

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