Exam 1: Philosophical Questions

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If you pinch yourself and feel it,that's sure proof that you are not dreaming,but are indeed awake.

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Unlike his contemporary,Pelagius,Augustine thought it was more important to have faith than to do good works.

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Pick one of the sixteen questions from Chapter One and interview two to four people (family,friends,acquaintances,fellow workers,etc.)about how they would answer the question. Try to be active in the interview process-for example,ask them questions like "What do you mean by that?" "Why do you believe that?"and "Why is that important?" Be sure to take notes or to record the interviews. Then write an essay describing what you learned about your interviewees' beliefs and values. Highlight points of agreement and disagreement between them. Finally,what did you learn about your own philosophical convictions through this experience.

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For this assignment, I chose to interview my family members and a couple of close friends on the question "What is the meaning of life?" Here are the responses I gathered:

Interviewee 1 (Mom):
Mom's response was deeply rooted in her religious beliefs. She believes that the meaning of life is to serve God and fulfill his purpose for us. She emphasized the importance of living a righteous and moral life, and finding fulfillment through spiritual growth and service to others.

Interviewee 2 (Dad):
Dad's response was more pragmatic. He believes that the meaning of life is to find happiness and fulfillment in personal achievements and relationships. He emphasized the importance of setting goals, working hard, and enjoying the journey.

Interviewee 3 (Friend):
My friend's response was more existential. He believes that the meaning of life is to create our own purpose and find meaning in our experiences. He emphasized the importance of self-discovery, authenticity, and pursuing passions.

Interviewee 4 (Sibling):
My sibling's response was focused on making a positive impact on the world. They believe that the meaning of life is to leave a legacy and contribute to the greater good. They emphasized the importance of making a difference and leaving the world a better place.

Upon reflecting on the interviews, I found points of agreement and disagreement among the interviewees. All of them agreed on the importance of finding fulfillment and purpose in life, but they differed in their beliefs about how to achieve that. While my parents emphasized religious faith and personal achievements, my friend and sibling focused on self-discovery and making a difference in the world.

Through this experience, I learned that my own philosophical convictions align more closely with my friend and sibling. I believe in the importance of self-discovery, authenticity, and making a positive impact on the world. This exercise helped me understand the diversity of beliefs and values within my own circle, and it also reinforced my own convictions about the meaning of life.

One apparent difference between minds and physical things is that

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The old quip,"There are no atheists in foxholes," seems to mean that when faced with death,we all search for some ultimate source of support.

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Rene Descartes' philosophical method was based on a clear authority structure which one already knows is reliable.

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Why can't you simply know directly that other people have minds,as well as bodies?

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Reread the questions from Chapter One,and look for interrelationships between two or more of them. Focus on whether what you think about one question (e.g.,the question about the "happiness box")has implications for what another question (e.g.,the free choice question)might mean,or how one might answer it. Do you have to answer one question before answering the other? Write an essay in which you describe the results of your investigation.

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It is impossible that only one person should know the meaning of a word in English; a word has meaning in English,because English speakers agree basically on its meaning.

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Suppose Mary is a determinist,but continues to insist that she has "free choice." What would you say in response to her?

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Pick one of the sixteen questions raised in Chapter One that intrigues you,and write an essay thatanswers the question in your own terms. Make sure you (a)construct an argument,with supporting reasons for your answer,and then in the spirit of the discussions of each of these questions,(b)raise one point that either presents an opposing argument to your point of view,or develops an alternative response to the question.

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Write your own question and attempt to answer it. Make sure you (a)construct an argument,with supporting reasons for your answer,and then (b)raise one point that either presents an opposing argument to your point of view,or develops an alternative response to the question.

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In the ancient Greek tragedy Iphigenia,the warrior Agamemnon assured victory in the Trojan War by sacrificing one innocent child.

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The point behind philosophical questions in general is to teach us how to arrive at answers that are so clear and convincing that we will cease our questioning.

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Descartes' approach to philosophy was to doubt everything until he could prove it to his own satisfaction.The first premise of his philosophy was

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Libertarians appear to embrace determinism because they believe that when a soldier panics,he has in some sense chosen to panic and should be held responsible for his actions.

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Why would it be wrong simply to equate "reality" and what is most true with what is most evident to our senses? Give an example.

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If all of the philosophical questions in Chapter One share a common thread,it is that answering them

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It is impossible to imagine societies in which people are happy and prosperous,while not being free.

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We already admit the rule to not kill other people has exceptions.If,then,we encounter a band of cannibals that has long practiced the custom of killing and eating the weakest among them,then

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