Exam 21: Critical Thinking About Research

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.2 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.2 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 12 + 0.4Y. -Refer to Table 21.2. The error for point D is equal to

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.3 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.3 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y. -Refer to Table 21.3. The error for point A is equal to

Correlation always implies causation.

Suppose that a study is released stating that the fewer speeding tickets a person is issued, the less gasoline they tend to purchase. This is best described as an example of

If a p-value is greater than or equal to 1.0, the results is said to be statistically significant.

A research project is conducted by offering a randomly selected 75 of the 200 local dog owners a chance to have their dogs wear a new flea collar for three months to see if the collar reduces the incidence of fleas. 50 of the 75 randomly selected dog owners agree to the offer, and 25 of those drop out of the study before the end of the three months. Using the intention to treat method, the results from how many of the randomly selected dogs should be included in the research project?

The most important statistical tool in empirical economics is

A procedure in which two groups are compared based on whether they were part of an initially specified random sample subjected to an experimental protocol is called

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.2 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.2 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 12 + 0.4Y. -Refer to Table 21.2. Which of the following points is (are) the best fit for the given consumption function?

The vertical distance between any data point and a line approximating the data points is called an error.

A research project is conducted by offering a randomly selected 300 of the 500 local Toyota Prius owners a chance to use a new fuel additive for 6 months to see if their gas mileage improves. 225 of the 300 randomly selected Prius owners agree to the offer, 50 of those drop out of the project after 1 month, another 50 drop out after 2 months, and 25 more drop out after 3 months. The rest remain for the duration of the project. Using the intention to treat method, the results from how many of the Prius owners who were not selected to be a part of the project should be included in the research project?

Two variables are said to be positively correlated if their values

Debbie realizes that her twin brother Dudley breaks out in hives every time he eats oysters, and concludes that when Dudley feels a case of hives coming on, he must get a craving for oysters. Debbie is

When conducting a study on success rates, which of the following would most likely be subject to survivor bias?

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 21.5 below to answer the questions that follow. SCENARIO 21.5: The tiny nation of Bugaboo consists of two virtually identical islands, Achoo and Zoink, separated by the Strait of Dingo. The islands are similar in geography and population. The only telephone service on the islands is cellular, and the only cellular provider on the islands is the government-owned Bugaboo Communications Company, which charges a standardized rate of 20 Bugabucks per minute. Both islands add on an additional $5 Bugabucks-per-minute usage tax. As a way to increase revenue, the island governor of Zoink decided to increase the usage tax to $10 per minute, effective January 1, 2017. The average monthly cellphone usage per month is listed in the table below. Average Monthly Telephone Use per Resident (minutes) -Refer to Scenario 21.5. The total cost of telephone service for residents of Achoo in 2017 is ________ Bugabucks.

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.1 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.1 A study to determine the effect that the weight of an average 6 ft. tall man has on the incidence of Type 2 diabetes was conducted in a small town. The six participants and their corresponding weights are listed in the table. -Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 405: Refer to Table 21.1. When using regression discontinuity, if this study had a threshold of 180 pounds, the outcomes of which individuals would be compared?

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 21.1 below to answer the questions that follow. SCENARIO 21.1: A study of 2,500 country club members in Phoenix found that those who play golf at least 2 times per week were 40 percent more likely to have suffered from skin cancer than those who never play golf. Therefore, the study concluded that in Phoenix, playing golf at least twice a week leads to a higher incidence of skin cancer in country club members. -Refer to Scenario 21.1. Which of the following statements pertaining to the scenario is the most accurate with respect to selection bias?

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 21.3 below to answer the questions that follow. SCENARIO 21.3: Consider a local high school that has 300 sophomores considered to be at-risk students. A privately-sponsored after-school sports program has been established to try to help at-risk students succeed in finishing high school. The local government wants to know if this program reduces the students' probability of dropping out of high school before the end of their junior year, and decides to randomly sample 150 of the 300 at-risk sophomores and invite them to attend the after-school program at no cost. 100 students accept the invitation, and by the end of their junior year, the drop-out percentage of the 100 students who attended the program was lower than the drop-out percentage of the 200 students who did not attend the program. -Refer to Scenario 21.3. Based on the information in the scenario, the 100 students who accepted the offer to attend the after-school program is an example of

If people who have children also tend to own dogs, we can say there is a positive correlation between having children and dog ownership.

The probability of obtaining your result based on sample data if the null hypothesis is true is called