Exam 18: Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Conserved noncoding sequences (CNGs)are usually sequences involved in what kinds of functions?

To study the maximum amount of genome diversity in the human species, which of the following provides the most information?

Which of the following defines the essential gene set of an organism such as a species of yeast?

A gene in a sheep-like species has been found to differ from that in related species by the inclusion of a variable number of tandem repeats of a short sequence. These repeats or duplications arise from what process?

An Alu sequence is a kind of retrotransposon, and approximately 1.4 million of them are found in the human genome. As they move about in the genome, they generate mutation by what mechanism?

Subtelomeres are blocks of homologous DNA sequences close to the ends of chromosomes. In a worldwide population of humans, when sequences of chromosomes 4q and 10q subtelomeres were analyzed only 17 4q and 8 10q haplotypes were found among African, European, and Asian groups. Which of the following might be among the results or conclusions of this analysis?

Although whole-genome duplications that result in polyploidy are fairly common in plant species, which of the following are common in other eukaryotes?

A researcher has produced groups of contigs that are linked via paired-end sequences, although these include some sequence gaps. What are these groups called?

Suppose that you use the sequence of the lacI gene, whose function you know is to encode a transcription factor, to find similar sequences in another bacterial strain. Are you more likely to find similar operons or similar transcription factors?

You are interested in sequencing the gene for Tangier disease (OMIM 205404). The disorder is rare, so it is feasible to obtain only very few samples. The approximate chromosomal location of the gene is known. How would you set about deciding on a model organism to use to study this disease, and what would you do once you had decided? (An outline of your procedure after the organism is chosen will be sufficient).

The BLAST program from NIH enables a researcher to look for homologous genes. It does so in general by searching for identity in what property?

Under what circumstances is a metagenomic analysis preferable to analysis of a gene or genes from a single species?

Celiac disease (CD)is a common, usually inherited human disorder of intestinal inflammation that is triggered by eating gluten, a major protein in wheat and other cereal grains. It is the most frequent food intolerance. One of the three genes involved is for SH2B3, a protein involved in innate, nonspecific immune response to bacterial pathogens. Celiac sufferers frequently have a particular allele of this gene. It is so common that which of the following might be hypothesized?

Often, in the absence of experimental data, computerized algorithms are used to predict gene structures from large sequences. What is this approach known as?

The whole-genome shotgun approach (WGS)was first used on which eukaryotic model organism?

In 2000, when then-President Clinton along with Francis Collins of the Human Genome Project and Craig Venter of Celera announced the completion of a "draft" of the human genome, the event did not, in fact, represent true completion because most of what type of sequences were not included?

How and why is the two-hybrid system used to find where two proteins interact? Use a real example.

Species whose ancestors might once have been free living may now be present as parasites. Would their genomes now tend to be larger, smaller, or approximately the same in size and complexity?

What is the purpose of the two-hybrid system?

The movement of genes from one species into the genome of another is referred to as _____.