Exam 6: Deviance and Social Control

According to Cloward and Ohlin,what is the underlying cause of deviance and delinquency in unstable slums of a city?

The early sociologist who argued that deviance might be functional for society was ________.

Napoleon Chagnon's visit to the Yanomamö tribe,where he observed tribe members appearing naked in public,using hallucinogenic drugs,and letting mucus hang from their noses,is a good example of ________.

In control theory,what is the difference between inner and outer controls?

Sociologists who view law as an instrument of oppression used to control workers are aligned most with which sociological perspective?

List and discuss the five techniques of neutralization identified by Gresham Sykes and David Matza. Why do people utilize these techniques? Provide an example of each.

In Down-to-Earth Sociology,"Islands in the Street: Urban Gangs in the United States," the reasons for joining street gangs are described. How do these reasons apply to strain theory and illegitimate opportunity theory?

The two disciplines that would be MOST concerned with addressing qualities within the individual to explain deviant behavior are ________ and ________.

Briefly explain the focus of differential association,control,and labeling theories in the explanation of deviance.

Based on the 2011 edition of the Statistical Abstract in the United States,the state with the lowest rate of violent crime in America is ________,while the state with the highest rate of violent crime is ________.

Differential association theory was developed by sociologist ________.

What is the purpose of a degradation ceremony?

The ________ theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to attain cultural goals,but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving them.

The significance of names or reputations given to people when they engage in certain types of behavior is the focus of ________ theory.

The theory of behavior in which people who associate with some groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance,increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant is ________.

Given Durkheim's theory that deviance is inevitable,why is there a need for a more humane approach to dealing with deviance in the United States?

Sociologist Erving Goffman (1963)used the term stigma to refer to characteristics that discredit people,including violations of norms of ability and violations of norms of appearance.

The concept of the relativity of deviance is BEST illustrated by which of the following statements?

Functionalists would contend that the growing crime rates among women are the result of changing social classes and gender roles giving women greater access to illegitimate opportunities.

Which of the following theories of deviance is LEAST associated with sociobiology?