Question 1

The diversity of an animal community is unrelated to the physical structure of a plant community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

In a food web,community complexity may be measured by the average number of feeding links per species,also referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) trophic diversity. 
B) food web diversity. 
C) linkage density. 
D) interconnectedness. 
A) trophic diversity. 
B) food web diversity. 
C) linkage density. 
D) interconnectedness. C

Question 3

Environmental conditions often vary spatially but do not tend to change over time in a given place.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

When prey populations are controlled by predators in a trophic level above them,they are said to be under ________ control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When prey populations are controlled by predators...

Question 5

In all experimental studies to date,the effect of increasing nutrient availability to plants has been to ________ plant diversity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In all experimental studies to date,the effect...

Question 6

Considerable evidence indicates that the null model of community structure is incorrect because

Accepted Answer

A) each species responds independently of other species to the prevailing physical environment. 
B) interactions among species have no significant influence on community structure. 
C) when one species is removed,the populations of the other species are unaffected. 
D) species interactions modify the fundamental niche of the species involved,influencing their relative abundance and,in some cases,their distribution. 
A) each species responds independently of other species to the prevailing physical environment. 
B) interactions among species have no significant influence on community structure. 
C) when one species is removed,the populations of the other species are unaffected. 
D) species interactions modify the fundamental niche of the species involved,influencing their relative abundance and,in some cases,their distribution.

Question 7

Indirect interactions can be either positive or negative for the affected species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

________ predation is a type of indirect interaction in which a predator enhances the success of one or more inferior competitors by reducing the abundance of a superior competitor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ predation is a type of indirect...

Question 9

As the degree of environmental heterogeneity of a community increases,the number of plant and animal species tends to

Accepted Answer

A) decrease. 
B) remain the same. 
C) increase. 
D) increase initially and then decrease. 
A) decrease. 
B) remain the same. 
C) increase. 
D) increase initially and then decrease.

Question 10

Environmental heterogeneity tends to be positively correlated with species diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Species interactions within a community rarely involve only two species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

There is considerable evidence that community structure is influenced by interactions between species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When apparent competition occurs,the

Accepted Answer

A) populations of predator and prey species are smaller. 
B) population of the predator species is larger and the populations of the prey species are smaller. 
C) population of the predator species is smaller and the populations of the prey species are larger. 
D) populations of predator and prey species are larger. 
A) populations of predator and prey species are smaller. 
B) population of the predator species is larger and the populations of the prey species are smaller. 
C) population of the predator species is smaller and the populations of the prey species are larger. 
D) populations of predator and prey species are larger.

Question 14

Diffuse interactions often occur among competing species but never among predator-prey species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Competition among plant species rarely involves only a single resource.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When top-down control occurs within an intertidal zone along the rocky coastline of the Pacific Ocean,which of the following species controls the abundance of other species?

Accepted Answer

A) kelp 
B) mussels 
C) barnacles 
D) starfish 
A) kelp 
B) mussels 
C) barnacles 
D) starfish

Question 17

As the fertility of soil on the forest floor increases,the

Accepted Answer

A) growth rate of plants increases. 
B) size of plants decreases. 
C) density of plants decreases. 
D) number of species of plants increases. 
A) growth rate of plants increases. 
B) size of plants decreases. 
C) density of plants decreases. 
D) number of species of plants increases.

Question 18

Food webs are typically arranged into trophic levels with

Accepted Answer

A) primary producers at the bottom,herbivores in the middle,and carnivores at the top. 
B) herbivores at the bottom,carnivores in the middle,and primary producers at the top. 
C) carnivores at the bottom,herbivores in the middle,and primary producers at the top. 
D) primary producers at the bottom,carnivores in the middle,and herbivores at the top. 
A) primary producers at the bottom,herbivores in the middle,and carnivores at the top. 
B) herbivores at the bottom,carnivores in the middle,and primary producers at the top. 
C) carnivores at the bottom,herbivores in the middle,and primary producers at the top. 
D) primary producers at the bottom,carnivores in the middle,and herbivores at the top.

Question 19

Variation in environmental conditions within a community is referred to as environmental ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Variation in environmental conditions within a community...

Question 20

Experiments on competition among species within a community reveal that

Accepted Answer

A) removing a single species or a group of species has relatively little effect on a community. 
B) removing a single species has a stronger effect than removing a group of species from a community. 
C) removing a group of species has a stronger effect than removing a single species from a community. 
A) removing a single species or a group of species has relatively little effect on a community. 
B) removing a single species has a stronger effect than removing a group of species from a community. 
C) removing a group of species has a stronger effect than removing a single species from a community.

Exam 18: Factors Influencing the Structure of Communities

The diversity of an animal community is unrelated to the physical structure of a plant community.

In a food web,community complexity may be measured by the average number of feeding links per species,also referred to as

Environmental conditions often vary spatially but do not tend to change over time in a given place.

When prey populations are controlled by predators in a trophic level above them,they are said to be under ________ control.

In all experimental studies to date,the effect of increasing nutrient availability to plants has been to ________ plant diversity.

Considerable evidence indicates that the null model of community structure is incorrect because

Indirect interactions can be either positive or negative for the affected species.

________ predation is a type of indirect interaction in which a predator enhances the success of one or more inferior competitors by reducing the abundance of a superior competitor.

As the degree of environmental heterogeneity of a community increases,the number of plant and animal species tends to

Environmental heterogeneity tends to be positively correlated with species diversity.

Species interactions within a community rarely involve only two species.

There is considerable evidence that community structure is influenced by interactions between species.

When apparent competition occurs,the

Diffuse interactions often occur among competing species but never among predator-prey species.

Competition among plant species rarely involves only a single resource.

When top-down control occurs within an intertidal zone along the rocky coastline of the Pacific Ocean,which of the following species controls the abundance of other species?

As the fertility of soil on the forest floor increases,the

Food webs are typically arranged into trophic levels with

Variation in environmental conditions within a community is referred to as environmental ________.

Experiments on competition among species within a community reveal that

The Nature of Ecology

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The Aquatic Environment

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Intraspecific Population Regulation

Metapopulations

Species Interactions,population Dynamics,and Natural Selection

Interspecific Competition

Predation

Parasitism and Mutualism

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Community Dynamics

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Ecosystem Energetics

Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling

Biogeochemical Cycles

Terrestrial Ecosystems

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Large-Scale Patterns of Biological Diversity

Population Growth, resource Use, and Sustainability

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