Exam 5: Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Explain why fast-twitch fibers "prefer" to use anaerobic respiration rather than aerobic respiration even though aerobic respiration is about 20 times more efficient in terms of ATP produced per glucose molecule?

Electrochemical gradients have both a(n)_________ and a(n)_________ component.

How many carbons from 13 original glucose molecules enter the Krebs cycle in the absence of oxygen?

On average,how many ATPs would be made if 4 NADH and 6 FADH₂ molecules donated their high-energy electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Given the overall equation for respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ <-> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O,at what point in respiration are the reactants used up and the products made?

Which component involved in the Krebs (TCA)cycle is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane?

What is unique about the inheritance of mitochondrial disorders? What word describes the mixture of wild-type and mutant mitochondrial DNA found in the mitochondria of a cell?

What type of electron carrier has a prosthetic group derived from vitamin B₂?

Where did peroxisomes get their name? How is the toxic hydrogen peroxide generated by these organelles disposed of? What is the specialized type of peroxisome found in plant seedlings and what specialized function do these organelles perform?

The three catalytic sites of ATP synthase ___________.

There are four large complexes of electron transport molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane.There are also two smaller proteins that carry electrons between the complexes.What is a possible reason for the much smaller size of these shuttle proteins,cytochrome c and ubiquinone?

Which of the following is true of peroxisomes?

The inner boundary membrane is particularly rich in which of the following?

How many catalytic sites does ATP synthase possess?

What advantage do the cristae confer on the mitochondria?

The energy released by proton movement through ATP synthase ___________.

The energy expended during the formation of ATP by ATP synthase is required to _______.

What are the two interconnected domains of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

The F₀ base of ATP synthase serves as a(n)______.

Spontaneous oxidation-reduction (redox)reactions are accompanied by ________.