Exam 10: The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Susumu Ohno proposed that the evolution of vertebrates from a much simpler invertebrate ancestor was made possible by two separate rounds of whole-genome duplication during an early evolutionary period.How was it proposed that the whole-gene duplication led to the encoding of the more complex vertebrate body?

Segmental duplication is ____________.

Purines are characterized by _______; pyrimidines are characterized by ______.

What evidence supported the claim of Avery and colleagues that DNA was the "transforming principle" in bacterial virulence?

Why would changes in the genes for transcription factors be expected to generate major phenotypic differences?

Which polyploidization mechanism is thought to occur most often in plants?

What percentage of the human genome codes for the amino acids in our proteins?

To what does avidin directly bind with high affinity?

What causes unequal crossing over?

The genome is essentially equivalent to all of the genetic information that is present in a ______ set of chromosomes.

_______ is thought to be derived from a reverse transcriptase encoded by an ancient retrotransposon.

How can the results of genome-wide association studies (GWASs)assist in determining an individual's risk of contracting certain diseases?

What may be the primary mechanism in the evolution of proteins that are composed of domains derived from different ancestral genes?

What function does topoisomerase II serve during mitosis?

When a gene has been duplicated one or more times,what are the possible things that can happen to the duplicated gene?

The labeled,single-stranded DNAs used to localize the positions of specific complementary DNA sequences within the chromosomes in in situ hybridization studies are called _______.

Who was the first scientist to propose that meiosis included a reduction division?

AZT is a drug used to halt the replication of the HIV virus in AIDS patients.Which mechanism of transposition would you expect it to hinder?

Why would much larger satellite DNAs be unlikely to form satellites in density gradients?

The original model of DNA structure stated that each unit of structure in DNA contained all four nitrogenous bases; it was called the ________.