Question 1

The _______ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the ___- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.

Accepted Answer

A) leading,5' 
B) lagging,5' 
C) leading,3' 
D) lagging,3' 
E) lagging,N-terminal 
A) leading,5' 
B) lagging,5' 
C) leading,3' 
D) lagging,3' 
E) lagging,N-terminal

Question 2

The RNA primers that initiate replication are subsequently _____ and the resulting gap in the strand is _______ DNA and then sealed by _______.

Accepted Answer

A) filled in,removed by,DNA ligase 
B) removed,filled in with,DNA ligase 
C) removed,filled in with,RNA ligase 
D) chemically altered to DNA,excised,DNA ligase 
E) chemically altered to DNA,filled in with,DNA ligase 
A) filled in,removed by,DNA ligase 
B) removed,filled in with,DNA ligase 
C) removed,filled in with,RNA ligase 
D) chemically altered to DNA,excised,DNA ligase 
E) chemically altered to DNA,filled in with,DNA ligase

Question 3

Cyclin-dependent kinase activity stays high through mitosis after rising prior to DNA synthesis.Which of the following results from its elevated activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Chromosomes decondense. 
B) It suppresses the formation of new prereplication complexes. 
C) It enhances the formation of new prereplication complexes. 
D) It enlarges the histones by removing their phosphate groups. 
E) It shrinks the histones by binding amino groups to them. 
A) Chromosomes decondense. 
B) It suppresses the formation of new prereplication complexes. 
C) It enhances the formation of new prereplication complexes. 
D) It enlarges the histones by removing their phosphate groups. 
E) It shrinks the histones by binding amino groups to them.

Question 4

What enzyme activity are the Mcm proteins (Mcm2 - Mcm7)thought to exhibit once they have been loaded onto the replication origin and associated into a ring-shaped complex? What role does this enzyme activity play in replication and to what protein in E.coli is it analogous?

Accepted Answer

Helicase activity.The helicase

Question 5

Which DNA repair mechanism recognizes a distortion in double helix geometry caused by DNA polymerase's insertion of an incorrect nucleotide during replication,one that escaped the enzyme's proofreading exonuclease?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide excision repair 
B) base excision repair 
C) mismatch repair 
D) double-strand breakage repair 
E) transcription-coupled pathway 
A) nucleotide excision repair 
B) base excision repair 
C) mismatch repair 
D) double-strand breakage repair 
E) transcription-coupled pathway

Question 6

The DNA strand growing toward the replication fork grows ______ in a 5'->3' direction as the replication fork advances and is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) continuously,leading strand 
B) discontinuously,lagging strand 
C) continuously,lagging strand 
D) discontinuously,leading strand 
E) steadfastly,forthright strand 
A) continuously,leading strand 
B) discontinuously,lagging strand 
C) continuously,lagging strand 
D) discontinuously,leading strand 
E) steadfastly,forthright strand

Question 7

What evidence suggests that the assembly of DNA into nucleosomes is a very rapid event?

Accepted Answer

A) Radiolabel is incorporated in a very short time. 
B) Nucleosomes have a very unusual shape. 
C) Electron micrographs of replicating DNA show nucleosomes forming on both daughter duplexes very near the replication fork. 
D) Electron micrographs of replicating DNA show nucleosomes forming on both daughter duplexes at a large distance from the replication fork. 
E) Nucleosomes are twice as big near the replication fork. 
A) Radiolabel is incorporated in a very short time. 
B) Nucleosomes have a very unusual shape. 
C) Electron micrographs of replicating DNA show nucleosomes forming on both daughter duplexes very near the replication fork. 
D) Electron micrographs of replicating DNA show nucleosomes forming on both daughter duplexes at a large distance from the replication fork. 
E) Nucleosomes are twice as big near the replication fork.

Question 8

What is the average rate of replication in bacteria like E.coli?

Accepted Answer

A) about 100 nucleotides/sec 
B) about 1,000 nucleotides/min 
C) about 1,000 nucleotides/sec 
D) about 10,000 nucleotides/sec 
E) about 100 nucleotides/min 
A) about 100 nucleotides/sec 
B) about 1,000 nucleotides/min 
C) about 1,000 nucleotides/sec 
D) about 10,000 nucleotides/sec 
E) about 100 nucleotides/min

Question 9

What is the probability that in E.coli an incorrect nucleotide will be incorporated into DNA during replication and remain there?

Accepted Answer

A) fewer than 1 in 1 billion nucleotides 
B) about 1 in 1000 nucleotides 
C) fewer than 1 in about 4 million nucleotides 
D) about 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides 
E) about 1 in 10,000 nucleotides 
A) fewer than 1 in 1 billion nucleotides 
B) about 1 in 1000 nucleotides 
C) fewer than 1 in about 4 million nucleotides 
D) about 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides 
E) about 1 in 10,000 nucleotides

Question 10

What is responsible for removing the RNA primer and short DNA segment added by eukaryotic DNA polymerase $\alpha$?

Accepted Answer

A) FEN-1 
B) DNA polymerase  $\delta$ 
C) DNase H 
D) both FEN-1 and DNase H 
E) DNA ligase 
A) FEN-1 
B) DNA polymerase  $\delta$ 
C) DNase H 
D) both FEN-1 and DNase H 
E) DNA ligase

Question 11

Why did natural selection favor the use of thymine as a base in DNA instead of uracil even though uracil was presumably present in RNA,when it served as the genetic material during the early evolution of life?

Accepted Answer

A) Thymine was more stable. 
B) Thymine paired better with adenine than did uracil. 
C) Retention of uracil as a DNA base would make it hard to tell whether a uracil was supposed to be at a particular site or whether it resulted from damage to cytosine. 
D) Thymine is resistant to all chemical treatments. 
E) Retention of uracil as a DNA base would make it hard to tell whether a uracil was supposed to be at a particular site or whether it resulted from damage to guanine. 
A) Thymine was more stable. 
B) Thymine paired better with adenine than did uracil. 
C) Retention of uracil as a DNA base would make it hard to tell whether a uracil was supposed to be at a particular site or whether it resulted from damage to cytosine. 
D) Thymine is resistant to all chemical treatments. 
E) Retention of uracil as a DNA base would make it hard to tell whether a uracil was supposed to be at a particular site or whether it resulted from damage to guanine.

Question 12

What is responsible for joining the last deoxyribonucleotide added during RNA primer digestion and the 5' end of the previously synthesized and adjacent DNA fragment?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase I 
B) DNA polymerase III 
C) DNA ligase 
D) the holoenzyme 
E) DNA gyrase 
A) DNA polymerase I 
B) DNA polymerase III 
C) DNA ligase 
D) the holoenzyme 
E) DNA gyrase

Question 13

What is the advantage of transcription-coupled repair?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows the cell to do two things at once. 
B) It ensures that the genes of least importance to the cell receive the highest priority on the repair list. 
C) It ensures that the genes of greatest importance to the cell receive the highest priority on the repair list. 
D) It is repairs noncoding sequences preferentially. 
E) It is the most accurate method of repair. 
A) It allows the cell to do two things at once. 
B) It ensures that the genes of least importance to the cell receive the highest priority on the repair list. 
C) It ensures that the genes of greatest importance to the cell receive the highest priority on the repair list. 
D) It is repairs noncoding sequences preferentially. 
E) It is the most accurate method of repair.

Question 14

What happens to DNA (circular DNA or linear DNA that is not free to rotate)when it becomes overwound?

Accepted Answer

A) It becomes negatively supercoiled. 
B) It breaks into a number of fragments. 
C) It becomes positively supercoiled. 
D) It stretches. 
E) Its mass decreases. 
A) It becomes negatively supercoiled. 
B) It breaks into a number of fragments. 
C) It becomes positively supercoiled. 
D) It stretches. 
E) Its mass decreases.

Question 15

Which of the following may be a further advantage of using RNA primers during initiation of a strand in replication?

Accepted Answer

A) Using primers may decrease mistakes; such errors as mismatched bases are more likely during initiation than elongation,and the use of a short,removable RNA segment avoids inclusion of mismatched bases. 
B) Using primers is faster. 
C) The RNA of the primers is more stable. 
D) The RNA of the primers is more likely to lead to changes in base sequence,which enhances the rate of mutation and thus evolution. 
E) The RNA of the primers allows more efficient packing of the chromosomes after its removal. 
A) Using primers may decrease mistakes; such errors as mismatched bases are more likely during initiation than elongation,and the use of a short,removable RNA segment avoids inclusion of mismatched bases. 
B) Using primers is faster. 
C) The RNA of the primers is more stable. 
D) The RNA of the primers is more likely to lead to changes in base sequence,which enhances the rate of mutation and thus evolution. 
E) The RNA of the primers allows more efficient packing of the chromosomes after its removal.

Question 16

Why does it appear that each origin can only be activated once per cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Mcm proteins are displaced from the DNA after replication and cannot reassociate with a replication origin that has already fired. 
B) The ORC is denatured after replication and cannot return to the DNA. 
C) The DNA becomes naked until the next round of cell division. 
D) Mcm proteins reassociate with DNA immediately and prevent further replication from that DNA. 
E) Mcm proteins bind to other proteins in the cytoplasm; together they actively inhibit further replication. 
A) Mcm proteins are displaced from the DNA after replication and cannot reassociate with a replication origin that has already fired. 
B) The ORC is denatured after replication and cannot return to the DNA. 
C) The DNA becomes naked until the next round of cell division. 
D) Mcm proteins reassociate with DNA immediately and prevent further replication from that DNA. 
E) Mcm proteins bind to other proteins in the cytoplasm; together they actively inhibit further replication.

Question 17

Which eukaryotic DNA polymerase appears to be the primary DNA-synthesizing enzyme during replication of the leading strand?

Accepted Answer

A) polymerase $\gamma$ 
B) polymerase $\delta$ 
C) polymerase$\varepsilon$ 
D) polymerase $\beta$ 
E) polymerase $\alpha$ 
A) polymerase $\gamma$ 
B) polymerase $\delta$ 
C) polymerase$\varepsilon$ 
D) polymerase $\beta$ 
E) polymerase $\alpha$

Question 18

What binds to the ORC to assemble the prereplication complex (pre-RC)that is competent to initiate replication?

Accepted Answer

A) the ORC factors 
B) licensing factors 
C) competence factors 
D) initiation factors 
E) enlisting factors 
A) the ORC factors 
B) licensing factors 
C) competence factors 
D) initiation factors 
E) enlisting factors

Question 19

Bacteria are grown in a medium containing 15NH4Cl for a number of generations so that all of the DNA is made of fully "heavy" DNA.The bacteria are moved to a new medium and grown in 14NH4Cl so that all new DNA will be "light".If replication were dispersive,what would the DNA look like after two generation times.

Accepted Answer

A) All of the DNA is made of 2 "light" strands. 
B) Half of the DNA is made of 2 "light" strands and half of the DNA is made of 1 "light" strand and 1 "heavy" strand. 
C) All of the DNA is made of 1 "heavy" strand and 1 "light" strand. 
D) Each strand is made of a mixture of "heavy" and "light" DNA,with each strand being between 75% and 100% "light". 
E) 75% of the DNA is made of 2 "light" strands and 25% of the DNA is made of 2 "heavy" strands. 
A) All of the DNA is made of 2 "light" strands. 
B) Half of the DNA is made of 2 "light" strands and half of the DNA is made of 1 "light" strand and 1 "heavy" strand. 
C) All of the DNA is made of 1 "heavy" strand and 1 "light" strand. 
D) Each strand is made of a mixture of "heavy" and "light" DNA,with each strand being between 75% and 100% "light". 
E) 75% of the DNA is made of 2 "light" strands and 25% of the DNA is made of 2 "heavy" strands.

Question 20

The small portions in which eukaryotic cells replicate their genomes are called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) replicants 
B) replicons 
C) repliants 
D) replicosomes 
E) tracts 
A) replicants 
B) replicons 
C) repliants 
D) replicosomes 
E) tracts

The _____ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the _- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.

The RNA primers that initiate replication are subsequently _ and the resulting gap in the strand is _ DNA and then sealed by _____.

Cyclin-dependent kinase activity stays high through mitosis after rising prior to DNA synthesis.Which of the following results from its elevated activity?

What enzyme activity are the Mcm proteins (Mcm2 - Mcm7)thought to exhibit once they have been loaded onto the replication origin and associated into a ring-shaped complex? What role does this enzyme activity play in replication and to what protein in E.coli is it analogous?

Which DNA repair mechanism recognizes a distortion in double helix geometry caused by DNA polymerase's insertion of an incorrect nucleotide during replication,one that escaped the enzyme's proofreading exonuclease?

The DNA strand growing toward the replication fork grows in a 5'->3' direction as the replication fork advances and is called the __.

What evidence suggests that the assembly of DNA into nucleosomes is a very rapid event?

What is the average rate of replication in bacteria like E.coli?

What is the probability that in E.coli an incorrect nucleotide will be incorporated into DNA during replication and remain there?

What is responsible for removing the RNA primer and short DNA segment added by eukaryotic DNA polymerase $\alpha$ ?

Why did natural selection favor the use of thymine as a base in DNA instead of uracil even though uracil was presumably present in RNA,when it served as the genetic material during the early evolution of life?

What is responsible for joining the last deoxyribonucleotide added during RNA primer digestion and the 5' end of the previously synthesized and adjacent DNA fragment?

What is the advantage of transcription-coupled repair?

What happens to DNA (circular DNA or linear DNA that is not free to rotate)when it becomes overwound?

Which of the following may be a further advantage of using RNA primers during initiation of a strand in replication?

Why does it appear that each origin can only be activated once per cell cycle?

Which eukaryotic DNA polymerase appears to be the primary DNA-synthesizing enzyme during replication of the leading strand?

What binds to the ORC to assemble the prereplication complex (pre-RC)that is competent to initiate replication?

The small portions in which eukaryotic cells replicate their genomes are called _______.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 13: Dna Replication and Repair

The _______ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the ___- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.

The RNA primers that initiate replication are subsequently _____ and the resulting gap in the strand is _______ DNA and then sealed by _______.

Cyclin-dependent kinase activity stays high through mitosis after rising prior to DNA synthesis.Which of the following results from its elevated activity?

What enzyme activity are the Mcm proteins (Mcm2 - Mcm7)thought to exhibit once they have been loaded onto the replication origin and associated into a ring-shaped complex? What role does this enzyme activity play in replication and to what protein in E.coli is it analogous?

Which DNA repair mechanism recognizes a distortion in double helix geometry caused by DNA polymerase's insertion of an incorrect nucleotide during replication,one that escaped the enzyme's proofreading exonuclease?

The DNA strand growing toward the replication fork grows ______ in a 5'->3' direction as the replication fork advances and is called the ________.

What evidence suggests that the assembly of DNA into nucleosomes is a very rapid event?

What is the average rate of replication in bacteria like E.coli?

What is the probability that in E.coli an incorrect nucleotide will be incorporated into DNA during replication and remain there?

What is responsible for removing the RNA primer and short DNA segment added by eukaryotic DNA polymerase α\alphaα ?

Why did natural selection favor the use of thymine as a base in DNA instead of uracil even though uracil was presumably present in RNA,when it served as the genetic material during the early evolution of life?

What is responsible for joining the last deoxyribonucleotide added during RNA primer digestion and the 5' end of the previously synthesized and adjacent DNA fragment?

What is the advantage of transcription-coupled repair?

What happens to DNA (circular DNA or linear DNA that is not free to rotate)when it becomes overwound?

Which of the following may be a further advantage of using RNA primers during initiation of a strand in replication?

Why does it appear that each origin can only be activated once per cell cycle?

Which eukaryotic DNA polymerase appears to be the primary DNA-synthesizing enzyme during replication of the leading strand?

What binds to the ORC to assemble the prereplication complex (pre-RC)that is competent to initiate replication?

The small portions in which eukaryotic cells replicate their genomes are called _______.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The _____ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the _- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.

The RNA primers that initiate replication are subsequently _ and the resulting gap in the strand is _ DNA and then sealed by _____.

The DNA strand growing toward the replication fork grows in a 5'->3' direction as the replication fork advances and is called the __.

What is responsible for removing the RNA primer and short DNA segment added by eukaryotic DNA polymerase $\alpha$ ?