Question 1

A(n) ________ serves to guide our processing of information and may serve to distort memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution. 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  schema 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  attribution. 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  schema 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 2

A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Authoritarian 
B)  Permissive/indulgent 
C)  Authoritative 
D)  Neglectful-uninvolved 
A)  Authoritarian 
B)  Permissive/indulgent 
C)  Authoritative 
D)  Neglectful-uninvolved

Question 3

Karen was sexually abused by her father at the age of 5. She developed a severe separation anxiety reaction whenever her mother tried to leave. As an adult, Karen developed a dissociative disorder. This is an example of how the same factor, in this case abuse, can be

Accepted Answer

A)  both a sufficient and a necessary cause. 
B)  both a reinforcing contributory cause and a punishing contributory cause. 
C)  both a primary and a secondary process. 
D)  both a proximal and a distal causal factor. 
A)  both a sufficient and a necessary cause. 
B)  both a reinforcing contributory cause and a punishing contributory cause. 
C)  both a primary and a secondary process. 
D)  both a proximal and a distal causal factor.

Question 4

An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is:

Accepted Answer

A)  "Look for kids who are very popular because they are class clowns." 
B)  "Silent, depressed, loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed." 
C)  "There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school." 
D)  "The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection." 
A)  "Look for kids who are very popular because they are class clowns." 
B)  "Silent, depressed, loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed." 
C)  "There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school." 
D)  "The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection."

Question 5

Etiology is

Accepted Answer

A)  a condition that tends to maintain maladaptive behavior. 
B)  the causal pattern of a disorder. 
C)  a predisposition toward developing a disorder. 
D)  a condition that makes it less likely a person will experience the negative consequences of stress. 
A)  a condition that tends to maintain maladaptive behavior. 
B)  the causal pattern of a disorder. 
C)  a predisposition toward developing a disorder. 
D)  a condition that makes it less likely a person will experience the negative consequences of stress.

Question 6

Tracy and Shahid are both 3 months old. Tracy is highly active, easily irritated, and cries easily. Shahid is quiet, adapts easily to change, and seems fearless. These differences illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  the impact of shared environmental influences. 
B)  how physical handicaps can have a genetic origin. 
C)  differences in temperament. 
D)  the fact that personality is more influenced by the environment than by genetics. 
A)  the impact of shared environmental influences. 
B)  how physical handicaps can have a genetic origin. 
C)  differences in temperament. 
D)  the fact that personality is more influenced by the environment than by genetics.

Question 7

Alicia developed a fear of spiders after being bitten by one. However, she has no problems looking at pictures of spiders. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  instrumental conditioning. 
D)  intrapsychic conflict. 
A)  discrimination. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  instrumental conditioning. 
D)  intrapsychic conflict.

Question 8

Attractive children and unattractive babies tend to be treated differently. In other words, an infant's physical phenotype may alter how others respond to him or her. What type of genotype-environment correlation is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active 
B)  Evocative 
C)  Passive 
D)  Persuasive 
A)  Active 
B)  Evocative 
C)  Passive 
D)  Persuasive

Question 9

Describe two of the methods for studying genetic influences. What can they tell us and what are their limitations?

Accepted Answer

The family history method observes relat

Question 10

What is a culture-bound disorder?

Accepted Answer

While many disorders are seen in all cul

Question 11

The additive model of the diathesis stress theory proposes that

Accepted Answer

A)  people with a very high level of a diathesis may need a very large amount of stress to develop the disorder. 
B)  people with a very high level of a diathesis may need only a small amount of stress to develop the disorder. 
C)  someone with no diathesis will never develop the disorder. 
D)  someone with no genes for the disorder will never develop the disorder. 
A)  people with a very high level of a diathesis may need a very large amount of stress to develop the disorder. 
B)  people with a very high level of a diathesis may need only a small amount of stress to develop the disorder. 
C)  someone with no diathesis will never develop the disorder. 
D)  someone with no genes for the disorder will never develop the disorder.

Question 12

New perceptions and experiences tend to be worked into our existing schemas, even if the new information must be distorted to fit them. This process is called

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  appropriation. 
D)  attribution. 
A)  accommodation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  appropriation. 
D)  attribution.

Question 13

Andrea and her parents are shy and quiet. Her parents never take Andrea to any activities where there are many people. They buy her books and crafts that she can do by herself. This shows

Accepted Answer

A)  an evocative effect of genotype on environment. 
B)  a passive effect of genotype on environment. 
C)  an active effect of genotype on environment. 
D)  a lack of genotype-environment correlation. 
A)  an evocative effect of genotype on environment. 
B)  a passive effect of genotype on environment. 
C)  an active effect of genotype on environment. 
D)  a lack of genotype-environment correlation.

Question 14

A diathesis can best be described as a

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal necessary cause. 
B)  sufficient cause. 
C)  contributory cause. 
D)  proximal causal factor. 
A)  proximal necessary cause. 
B)  sufficient cause. 
C)  contributory cause. 
D)  proximal causal factor.

Question 15

Why is it difficult to determine the nature of the relationship between divorce and the psychological functioning of family members?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause and effect cannot be determined as preexisting behavioral abnormalities in either the parents or the children may make divorce more likely. 
B)  The findings have been too inconsistent for any conclusions to be drawn. 
C)  While the effects of divorce are negative on children, the effects on the spouses are generally positive. 
D)  Due to modern acceptance of divorce, there has been an ongoing decrease in the negative effects of divorce. As the impact of divorce has been decreasing, the effect of divorce on family functioning has become impossible to detect. 
A)  Cause and effect cannot be determined as preexisting behavioral abnormalities in either the parents or the children may make divorce more likely. 
B)  The findings have been too inconsistent for any conclusions to be drawn. 
C)  While the effects of divorce are negative on children, the effects on the spouses are generally positive. 
D)  Due to modern acceptance of divorce, there has been an ongoing decrease in the negative effects of divorce. As the impact of divorce has been decreasing, the effect of divorce on family functioning has become impossible to detect.

Question 16

If trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that

Accepted Answer

A)  the concordance rate for dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins would be comparable. 
B)  the concordance rate for dizygotic twins would be greater than the concordance rate for monozygotic twins. 
C)  the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be greater than the concordance rate for dizygotic twins. 
D)  the concordance rate for dizygotic twins would be close to 100%. 
A)  the concordance rate for dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins would be comparable. 
B)  the concordance rate for dizygotic twins would be greater than the concordance rate for monozygotic twins. 
C)  the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be greater than the concordance rate for dizygotic twins. 
D)  the concordance rate for dizygotic twins would be close to 100%.

Question 17

Childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life. Childhood abuse would best be described as a

Accepted Answer

A)  necessary contributory cause. 
B)  proximal contributory cause. 
C)  reinforcing contributory cause. 
D)  distal contributory cause. 
A)  necessary contributory cause. 
B)  proximal contributory cause. 
C)  reinforcing contributory cause. 
D)  distal contributory cause.

Question 18

George and Logan are brothers. They live in a small apartment in the city with some other relatives. Their family is extremely poor. Their father is hardest on George, the eldest, and sometimes physically abuses him. Which environmental factor is likely to be more important in the later adjustment of George and Logan?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their poverty. 
B)  The overcrowding of their living situation. 
C)  The physical abuse. 
D)  The fact that they live with other family members. 
A)  Their poverty. 
B)  The overcrowding of their living situation. 
C)  The physical abuse. 
D)  The fact that they live with other family members.

Question 19

Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differences in brain function can easily be identified. 
B)  Concordance rates tend to be higher. 
C)  It is possible that the genetics of twins who have been separated have changed in ways to explain any differences found. 
D)  It is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together is due to their being treated more similarly than nonidentical twins. 
A)  Differences in brain function can easily be identified. 
B)  Concordance rates tend to be higher. 
C)  It is possible that the genetics of twins who have been separated have changed in ways to explain any differences found. 
D)  It is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together is due to their being treated more similarly than nonidentical twins.

Question 20

A couple is in counseling. She states that she drinks because he rejects her. He states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that

Accepted Answer

A)  the drinking is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage. 
B)  the rejection is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage. 
C)  the drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other. 
D)  the drinking and rejection are caused by another third variable unknown to the couple. 
A)  the drinking is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage. 
B)  the rejection is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage. 
C)  the drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other. 
D)  the drinking and rejection are caused by another third variable unknown to the couple.

A(n) ________ serves to guide our processing of information and may serve to distort memories.

A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?

Karen was sexually abused by her father at the age of 5. She developed a severe separation anxiety reaction whenever her mother tried to leave. As an adult, Karen developed a dissociative disorder. This is an example of how the same factor, in this case abuse, can be

An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is:

Etiology is

Tracy and Shahid are both 3 months old. Tracy is highly active, easily irritated, and cries easily. Shahid is quiet, adapts easily to change, and seems fearless. These differences illustrate

Alicia developed a fear of spiders after being bitten by one. However, she has no problems looking at pictures of spiders. This is an example of

Attractive children and unattractive babies tend to be treated differently. In other words, an infant's physical phenotype may alter how others respond to him or her. What type of genotype-environment correlation is this an example of?

Describe two of the methods for studying genetic influences. What can they tell us and what are their limitations?

What is a culture-bound disorder?

The additive model of the diathesis stress theory proposes that

New perceptions and experiences tend to be worked into our existing schemas, even if the new information must be distorted to fit them. This process is called

Andrea and her parents are shy and quiet. Her parents never take Andrea to any activities where there are many people. They buy her books and crafts that she can do by herself. This shows

A diathesis can best be described as a

Why is it difficult to determine the nature of the relationship between divorce and the psychological functioning of family members?

If trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that

Childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life. Childhood abuse would best be described as a

Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments?

A couple is in counseling. She states that she drinks because he rejects her. He states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that

Abnormal Psychology: an Overview

Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Stress and Physical and Mental Health

Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders

Eating Disorders and Obesity

Personality Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions

Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Therapy

Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology

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Exam 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints

A(n) ________ serves to guide our processing of information and may serve to distort memories.

A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?

Karen was sexually abused by her father at the age of 5. She developed a severe separation anxiety reaction whenever her mother tried to leave. As an adult, Karen developed a dissociative disorder. This is an example of how the same factor, in this case abuse, can be

An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is:

Etiology is

Tracy and Shahid are both 3 months old. Tracy is highly active, easily irritated, and cries easily. Shahid is quiet, adapts easily to change, and seems fearless. These differences illustrate

Alicia developed a fear of spiders after being bitten by one. However, she has no problems looking at pictures of spiders. This is an example of

Attractive children and unattractive babies tend to be treated differently. In other words, an infant's physical phenotype may alter how others respond to him or her. What type of genotype-environment correlation is this an example of?

Describe two of the methods for studying genetic influences. What can they tell us and what are their limitations?

What is a culture-bound disorder?

The additive model of the diathesis stress theory proposes that

New perceptions and experiences tend to be worked into our existing schemas, even if the new information must be distorted to fit them. This process is called

Andrea and her parents are shy and quiet. Her parents never take Andrea to any activities where there are many people. They buy her books and crafts that she can do by herself. This shows

A diathesis can best be described as a

Why is it difficult to determine the nature of the relationship between divorce and the psychological functioning of family members?

If trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that

Childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life. Childhood abuse would best be described as a

Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments?

A couple is in counseling. She states that she drinks because he rejects her. He states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that

Abnormal Psychology: an Overview

Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Stress and Physical and Mental Health

Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders

Eating Disorders and Obesity

Personality Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions

Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Therapy

Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology

Filters