Exam 45: Environmental Law

City, county, and local governments oversee certain aspects of the environment.

Those who violate the Clean Water Act may be subject to civil penalties.

Any organization planning to use a toxic chemical may be ordered to first deter?mine its effect on human health and the environment.

Before being transported, hazardous waste generated by Xtreme Industries, Inc., must be properly labeled and packaged under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act by

United Disposal, Inc., operates a hazardous waste disposal site that ac?cepts waste transported by Ace Trucking Company from General Manufacturing Corporation. United sells the site to Investment Properties, Inc. A release of the waste is discovered at the site, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cleans it up. The EPA can re?cover the cost of the cleanup from

Those who violate the Clean Water Act may be subject to criminal penalties.

Land Development Company wants to grade certain marshy land to build Meadow Marsh, a residential subdivision. The Clean Water Act covers waters with a continuous surface connection to bodies of water

Fruitful Garden Company makes and sells pesticides. For the pesticides to remain on the market, the acceptable level of risk to people of developing cancer from ex?posure to the products is

Congress enacts air quality legislation. To implement this law, as is typical of other environmental statutes and regulations, the federal government will most likely rely on

Jack owns land located outside Metro City. Jack sells the land to Quality Disposal, Inc., which establishes a hazardous waste disposal facility at the site. Quality Disposal accepts only waste transported by Regional Trucking Company exclusively from Consolidated Industries, Inc. Several years later, Quality Disposal closes its facility and sells the land to Price Rite Corporation, which builds a Price Rite Discount Store on the site. Meanwhile, some of Metro's citizens complain to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that Metro's municipal water supply is pol?luted. The EPA investigates and discovers that the sources of the pollu?tion are leaks of hazardous waste from what is now the Price Rite prop?erty. The EPA cleans up the site. Who can be held liable for the cost of cleaning up the site? What standards must Metro meet regarding the water?

Once the government begins to clean up a waste dis?posal site, the parties who generated the waste are free of any clean-up costs.

The Environmental Protection Agency may ban the use of a toxic substance altogether.

The Environmental Protection Agency is the primary federal agency regulating environmental law.

Oil Refining Company's plant emits hazardous air pollutants. Regarding these pollutants, the plant must use

An injured party may sue a business polluter in tort.

State or local governments set pollutant standards for most sources of drinking water.

Valley Disposal Company operates a hazardous waste storage facility. Valley bur?ies unlabeled containers without determining their contents. If the con?tain?ers leak, Valley may be held to have violated

At common law, an injured party will be awarded damages against a polluter who lacks standing.

Rural Electric Company submits a bid to build a dam on federal land as part of a federal project. For this action, an environmental impact state?ment is most likely

Quickly Motor Company makes the Rock, a new model of sport utility ve?hicle, and sells it at the market's lowest price. The Rock does not, how?ever, satisfy federal emission standards and Quickly fails to maintain relevant, required records. The Environmental Protection Agency may assess